Reynolds, John E., III: SEE ALSO Ames et al., 2002; Bazzini et al.; Cashman et al., 1996; Craig et al., 1997; Forrester et al., 1979; Garrott et al., 1994, 1995; Glaser & Reynolds, 2003; Hernandez et al., 1995; Hill & Reynolds, 1989; Marmontel et al., 1992; Morales V. et al., 2000; Ness et al., 1998; Odell et al., 1978; Odell & Reynolds, 1979, 1980; Packard, Frohlich et al., 1984; Packard et al., 1989; Rommel & Reynolds, 2000; Weigle et al., 1988; Wilhelm et al., 1988; Wright et al., 2002.
( detail)
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1976 |
The Florida manatee: myth vs. truth.
Sea Frontiers
22(4): 209-214. 4 figs. July-Aug. 1976.
–Gen. acc. of manatee behavior (including an observation of playful "body-surfing"), popular misconceptions about manatees in Florida, and the outlook for their conservation.
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III; Waugh, Gregg
(detail)
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1978 |
New records of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) from the Bahama Islands.
Biol. Conserv.
14(4): 289-293. 2 figs. Dec. 1978.
–Reports manatee sightings and a dead manatee at West End, Grand Bahama Island, in 1975, and summarizes earlier (mostly unpublished) records. The skull of the dead manatee (USNM 550453) was referred to the Florida subspecies T. m. latirostris by Domning & Hayek (1986: 125).
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Forrester, Donald J.; Black, D. J.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III; Beck, Cathy A.; Bonde, Robert K.
(detail)
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1979 |
Parasites of manatees. [Abstr.]
Abstrs. 10th Ann. Conf. & Workshop, Internatl. Assoc. Aquat. Animal Medicine
(St. Augustine, Fla., Apr. 22-26, 1979):
5.
–Reports Opisthotrema cochleotrema, Chiorchis fabaceus, Plicatolabia hagenbecki, and Microphallidae spp. from 48 Florida manatees stranded between Oct. 1974 and Feb. 1979.
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1979 |
Observations on manatee mortality in south Florida.
Jour. Wildl. Manage.
43(2): 572-577. 3 figs.
–Repr. in Brownell & Ralls (1981: 92-97). Presents records of mortality at flood-control dams in Dade County, observations on manatee behavior near dams, statistics on other sources of mortality, and suggestions for modifying the dams to prevent future manatee deaths.
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1979a |
The semisocial manatee.
Nat. Hist.
(New York)
88(2): 44-53. 10 figs. + cover photo. Feb. 1979.
–Pop. acc. of T. manatus at Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, emphasizing herd structure, "estrous herds", cow-calf interactions, "body surfing", "follow-the-leader" behavior, social communication, and activity patterns. Concludes that manatees are "moderately social."
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1980 |
For West Indian manatee, collaborative studies beneficial.
Florida Conserv. News
(Florida Dept. Nat. Resources)
15(6): 4-5. 4 figs. + 1 fig. on p. 3. Mar. 1980.
–See also Appendix 1.
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1981a |
Behavior patterns in the West Indian manatee, with emphasis on feeding and diving.
Florida Scientist
44(4): 233-242. 4 tabs. 1 fig.
–Presents quantitative data on T. manatus in Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, regarding activity patterns, feeding, dive times, aggregations, and miscellaneous behavior such as hauling out to feed, climbing barriers, and "body-surfing"; also lists food plants eaten.
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1981b |
Aspects of the social behaviour and herd structure of a semi-isolated colony of West Indian manatees, Trichechus manatus.
Mammalia
45(4): 431-451. 8 tabs. 4 figs.
–French summ. A population of about 60 manatees in Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida, tended to be found in herds of 2 or more. Except for female-calf pairs, these herds were unstable. Social facilitation, synchronous breathing, "body-surfing", and "follow-the-leader" behaviors were observed. Social contexts of vocalizations are described, and other possible forms of communication are discussed. T. manatus is considered a "moderately social" species.
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1981c |
Manatees of Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida: biology and effects of man's activities. In: R. L. Brownell, Jr., & K. Ralls (eds.), The West Indian manatee in Florida. Proceedings of a workshop held in Orlando, Florida 27-29 March 1978 (q.v.).
Tallahassee, Florida Dept. Nat. Res. (iv + 154):
25-32. 2 figs.
–Briefly summarizes behavioral and other observations reported in more detail in the publications cited above. Also discusses the danger to manatees of flood control dams, boat collisions, harassment, vandalism, fish hooks, and culverts, and notes that many people in the study area feared and disliked manatees.
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1981d |
Aspects of the structural and functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus.
Dissertation Abstrs. Intl. (B)
41(2): 2441.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Krause, W. J.
(detail)
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1982 |
A note on the duodenum of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), with emphasis on the duodenal glands.
Acta Anat.
114(1): 33-40. 1 tab. 4 figs.
–Describes the gross and microscopic structure and histochemistry of the duodenum and duodenal glands; the latter secrete an acid mucin (sialomucin) and have cells intermediate between classical serous and mucous types.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1984 |
Factors influencing indices of manatee abundance in the Fort Myers region, winter 1983/84.
Manatee Population Research Rept.
(Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit)
No. 5: 1-63. 12 tabs. 12 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Analyzes the effects of manatee density, visibility, temperature, tide, and survey techniques on aerial survey results. Concludes that the aerial survey data are not sufficient to estimate actual abundance and should instead be treated as indices of trends. Separate surveys should be designed to maximize precision and accuracy of data obtained. The "block/recount" survey technique is introduced to estimate the error associated with indices obtained from individual surveys, and calibration of observers is recommended.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Ferguson, J. C.
(detail)
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1984 |
Implications of the presence of manatees (Trichechus manatus) near the Dry Tortugas Islands.
Florida Scientist
47(3): 187-189.
–Notes two instances of manatee sightings near the Dry Tortugas, and discusses whether manatees require or merely prefer access to fresh water.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1985 |
Manatee response to interrupted operation of the Fort Myers power plant, winter 1984/85.
Manatee Population Research Rept.
(Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit)
No. 8: 1-20. 1 tab. 5 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Compares manatee abundance, distribution, and local movement patterns in winter 1984 with those in winter 1985, when the plant was temporarily shut down. Most manatees sought out the warmest water available at a given time, but the interruption in the warm-water supply apparently did not last long enough for them to suffer evident harm. Also discusses the effects of visibility and other factors on consistency of aerial counts of manatees, and some results of radiotagging 16 animals.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1985 |
Abundance of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts, 1982-1983.
Bull. Mar. Sci.
36(3): 413-422. 4 tabs. 1 fig.
–Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed lower numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably reflecting unusually mild winter temperatures in 1982-83.
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Bazzini, Maria D.; Reynolds, John E., III; Essman, Richard A.
(detail)
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1986 |
Erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Acta Anat.
126(3): 150-152. 2 figs.
–Concludes from the presence of erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, and myelocytes in the vertebral bodies that the latter are the main site of blood cell formation. Some developing blood cells were also found (rarely) in manatee livers, spleens, and kidneys. Notes the abundance of lymphatic tissue, especially mesenteric lymph nodes, in the manatee.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1986 |
Distribution and abundance of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts: 1984-85.
Biol. Conserv.
38(2): 103-113. 3 tabs.
–Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed generally higher numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably due to very cold temperatures in January 1985.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1987 |
People, power plants, and manatees.
Sea Frontiers
33(4): 263-269. 6 figs. July-Aug. 1987.
–Pop. acc. of the use of power-plant discharges of warm water as cold-weather refugia by Florida manatees, and related conservation problems.
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Weigle, Bradley L.; Reynolds, John E., III; Patton, Geoffrey W.; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1988 |
Manatee (Trichechus manatus) winter use of warm water discharges in Tampa Bay. In: K. Mahadevan, R. K. Evans, P. Behrens, T. Biffar, & L. Olsen (eds.), Proc. Southeastern Workshop on Aquatic Ecological Effects of Power Generation.
Mote Marine Lab. Rept.
No. 124: 153-164.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1988b |
Importance of aerial surveys to assess manatee (Trichechus manatus) winter use of Florida Power and Light Company plants from 1977-1986. In: K. Mahadevan, R. K. Evans, P. Behrens, T. Biffar, & L. Olsen (eds.), Proceedings of the Southeastern Workshop on Aquatic Ecological Effects of Power Generation, December, 1986.
Mote Mar. Lab. Rept.
No. 124 (546 pp.): 138-152. 2 tabs. 1 fig. May 1988.
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Hill, D. Ashley; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1989 |
Gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Acta Anat.
135: 53-56. 1 tab. 1 fig.
–Describes the structure of the kidney and concludes that the species may have an enhanced urine-concentrating ability.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1989 |
Manatee response to interruption of a thermal effluent.
Jour. Wildl. Manage.
53(3): 692-700. 2 tabs. 4 figs.
–Aerial survey data on manatees near a Ft. Myers (Florida) power plant showed that they did not leave the area when the plant was shut down for 3 weeks in Jan. 1985; instead they gathered in an area of deep waters that cooled more slowly than surrounding waters. Applicable survey techniques are discussed, together with the management implications of power-plant shutdowns and the installation of warm-water wells at the plant for the manatees' benefit following the 1985 shutdown.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Haddad, Kenneth D. (eds.)
(detail)
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1990 |
Report of the Workshop on Geographic Information Systems as an Aid to Managing Habitat for West Indian Manatees in Florida and Georgia.
Florida Mar. Res. Publ. 49:
1-57. Illus. Dec. 1990.
–Includes, in addition to the Report of the Workshop (1-10), invited papers by O'Shea & Kochman, Weigle & Haddad, Osborn, Gilbrook, and Kautz (11-50; q.v.); the agenda and list of participants (51-53); and an excerpt from a senior thesis by Houhoulis (54-57; q.v.).
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Reynolds, John E., III; Odell, Daniel Keith
(detail)
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1991 |
Manatees and dugongs.
New York, Facts on File, Inc.:
xiv + 192. Illus. Oct. 1991.
–Revs.: G. B. Rathbun, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 9(1): 114-115, Jan. 1993; J. N. Layne, Florida Field Nat. 21(1): 22, Feb. 1993. Thorough, well-illustrated popular account of sir. biology, distribution, status, and conservation. Includes a chapter by Domning entitled "Why save the manatee?" (167-173; Domning, 1991c).
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Marmontel, Miriam; Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1992 |
Reproductive biology of South American manatees. In: W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates.
New York, Springer-Verlag (1-328):
295-312. 1 tab. 9 figs.
–Reviews available data on sir. reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior and their implications for conservation, emphasizing T. manatus and T. inunguis.
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Garrott, Robert A.; Ackerman, Bruce B.; Cary, John R.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Reynolds, John E., III; Rose, Patrick M.; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1994 |
Trends in counts of Florida manatees at winter aggregation sites.
Jour. Wildl. Manage.
58(4): 642-654. 2 tabs. 3 figs. Oct. 1994.
–Analyzes data from aerial surveys, 1977-1992, and correlates manatee numbers with temperature covariates. Results indicate an increase in the counts at east-coast aggregation sites, but this may not reflect a real population trend.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1994 |
Observations of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) around selected power plants in winter.
Mar. Mamm. Sci.
10(2): 163-177. 3 tabs. 2 figs. Apr. 27, 1994.
–Summarizes data from aerial surveys, 1982-1992, at five Florida Power and Light Company plants, and discusses the patterns of seasonal manatee movements documented and the apparent (and worrisome) declining trend in the numbers and proportion of calves sighted.
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Garrott, Robert A.; Ackerman, Bruce B.; Cary, John R.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1995 |
Assessment of trends in sizes of manatee populations at several Florida aggregation sites. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept.
(U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289)
1: 34-55. 8 tabs. 14 figs. 2 apps. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 15-16).
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Hernandez, Patricia; Reynolds, John E., III; Marsh, Helene D.; Marmontel, Miriam
(detail)
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1995 |
Age and seasonality in spermatogenesis of Florida manatees. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept.
(U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289)
1: 84-97. 3 tabs. 10 figs. 1 app. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 17).
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1995 |
Florida manatee population biology: research progress, infrastructure, and applications for conservation and management. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept.
(U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289)
1: 6-12. 4 tabs. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 10).
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Reynolds, John E., III; Szelistowski, William A.; León, Mario A.
(detail)
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1995 |
Status and conservation of manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Costa Rica.
Biol. Conserv.
71(2): 193-196. 2 figs.
–Interview, boat, and aerial surveys in 1991 found manatees to be "even less abundant than in the recent past", due to hunting, pollution, and increased boat traffic. Local and regional conservation measures are recommended.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Rommel, Sentiel A.
(detail)
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1996 |
Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris.
Anat. Rec.
245: 539-558. 3 tabs. 10 figs.
–Describes in detail the gross and microscopic structure of the entire GI tract, comparing it and its functions with those of other sirs. and other hihdgut digesters, especially proboscideans and hyracoids.
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Craig, Bruce A.; Newton, Michael A.; Garrott, Robert A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
(detail)
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1997 |
Analysis of aerial survey data on Florida manatee using Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Biometrics
53(2): 524-541. 1 tab. 10 figs.
–French summ. Complex mathematical treatment of Atlantic Coast survey data, 1982-92, indicates that the manatee population increased during the 1980s, but the population growth rate declined in the early 1990s, while the population size was stable or slightly decreasing.
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Ness, Traci L.; Bradley, W. Guy; Reynolds, John E., III; Roess, William B.
(detail)
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1998 |
Isolation and expression of the interleukin-2 gene from the killer whale, Orcinus orca.
Mar. Mamm. Sci.
14(3): 531-543. 1 tab. 3 figs. "July 1998" (mailed June 16, 1998).
–Reports that killer whale IL-2 displays 80% nucleotide sequence homology and 64% amino acid homology with that of the Florida manatee (538-539).
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Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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1999 |
Efforts to conserve the manatees. Chap. 12 in: J. R. Twiss, Jr. & R. R. Reeves (eds.), Conservation and management of marine mammals.
Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (xi + 471 pp.):
267-295. 6 tabs. 11 figs. Sept. 1999.
–Rev.: P. Shaughnessy, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 16(4): 842-843, Oct. 3, 2000.
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Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2000 |
Diaphragm structure and function in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Anat. Rec.
259(1): 41-51. 6 figs. + cover illus. May 1, 2000.
–Describes the anatomy of the respiratory diaphragm, redefines or renames some structures in the manatee that differ from other mammals,and discusses the diaphragm's role in buoyancy control. In manatees, the transverse septum between heart and liver is separate from the diaphragm, which does not attach to the sternum. Intestinal gas may possibly be manipulated within the abdomen to help control buoyancy and pitch.
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Ames, Audra L.; Van Vleet, Edward S.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2002 |
Comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the Florida manatee (Order Sirenia) and bottlenose dolphin (Order Cetacea; Suborder Odontoceti).
Compar. Biochem. Physiol. Part B. Biochem. Molec. Biol.
132(3): 625-634. 2 tabs. 5 figs. July 2002.
–Reports that lipids from the zygomatic process of the squamosal bone and fat from the head region of the manatee do not contain isovaleric acid or wax esters, which are related to sound conduction in dolphins. Conduction through the porous zygomatic process is not ruled out, but if it occurs it must involve a different suite of lipids than in odontocetes. Manatee body fat does contain a significant amount of dodecanoic acid, which may possibly be useful for buoyancy or insulation.
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Bradley, W. Guy; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2002 |
Isolation, cloning, sequencing, and expression of marine mammal interleukin 2. Chap. 28 in: C. J. Pfeiffer (ed.), Molecular and cell biology of marine mammals.
Malabar (Florida), Krieger Publ. Co. (xvii + 427):
300-309. 5 figs.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.
(detail)
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2002 |
Manatees (Trichechus manatus, T. senegalensis, and T. inunguis). In: W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals.
San Diego, Academic Press (xxxviii + 1414):
709-720. 1 tab. 8 figs.
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Glaser, Karen; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2003 |
Mysterious manatees.
Gainesville, Univ. Press of Florida:
xii + 188. 51 pls.
–Extensive text by Reynolds on manatee biology and conservation (3-114), accompanying "Introduction to the Photographs" (117-128) and a portfolio of black-and-white, soft-focus underwater photos of Florida manatees at Crystal River (129-180), both by Glaser.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Arnold, P.; Freeman, M.; Haynes, D.; Laist, David; Read, A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Kasuya, Toshiro
(detail)
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2003 |
Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In: N. Gales, M. Hindell, & R. Kirkwood (eds.), Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues.
Collingwood (Australia), CSIRO Publ. (xii + 446):
1-19.
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Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Lynch, H. A.
(detail)
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2003 |
Adaptations of the herbivorous marine mammals. In: L. 't Mannetje, L. Ramírez-Avilés, C. Sandoval-Castro, & J.C. Ku-Vera, Matching herbivore nutrition to ecosystems biodiversity. VI International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Mérida, México, 19-24 October 2003.
México, Univ. Auton. de Yucatan:
287-308. 10 figs.
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Craig, Bruce A.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2004 |
Determination of manatee population trends along the Atlantic coast of Florida using a Bayesian approach with temperature-adjusted aerial survey data.
Mar. Mamm. Sci.
20(3): 386-400. 1 tab. 8 figs. July 2004 (mailed July 28, 2004).
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Quintana-Rizzo, Ester; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2007 |
Regional management plan for the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), United Nations Environment Programme.
United Nations Environment Programme, CEP Technical Report
(Kingston, Jamaica, UNEP).
–Republished (revised?) as CEP Technical Report No. 48, 2010.
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Marsh, Helene D.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2011 |
Ecology and conservation of the Sirenia: dugongs and manatees.
Cambridge (U.K.), Cambridge Univ. Press (Conservation Biology Series No. 18):
xvi + 521. Illus. Dec. 1, 2011.
–Revs.: R.K. Bonde, Ecology 93(9): 2127-2128, Sept. 2012; D.P. Domning, Jour. Mamm. 93(5): 1405-1406, Oct. 19, 2012.
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Wilson, Rhian C.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wetzel, Dana L.; Schwierzke-Wade, Leslie; Bonde, Robert K.; Breuel, Kevin F.; Roudebush, William E.
(detail)
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2011 |
Secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone in the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris, with implications for assessing conservation status.
Endangered Species Research
14: 107-112. 2 tabs. 2 figs. DOI: 10.3354/esr00346. Publ. online June 22, 2011.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 