Bibliography & Index of the Sirenia & Desmostylia

Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia

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		Maack, G. A. (detail)
		1874	Report on the geology and natural history of the Isthmuses of Choco, of Darien, and of Panama. In: T. O. Selfridge, Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the practicability of a ship-canal between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by the way of the Isthmus of Darien. Washington, Govt. Printing Off.: 155-175. –Manatee, 171. See E.A. Goldman (1920).

		Macarovici, Nec (detail)
		1978	Sur la faune des mammifères fossiles neozoiques de la Roumanie. In: V. Ianovici (ed.), Le symposium sur "La geologie des Carpates Meridionales". Rev. Roum. Geol. Geophys. Geogr., Ser. Geol. 22: 71-98.

x		Macarovici, Nec; Oescu, C. V. (detail)
		1942	Quelques vertébrés fossiles trouvés dans les calcaires récifales de Chişinău (Bessarabie). Acad. Român., Mem. Sect. Ştiinţifice (Bucharest) (3)17: 351-382. 8 figs. 7 pls. –Reviews the Sarmatian fauna of Kishinev, including ribs of "Manatus maeoticus" (351, 353, 376-379, 382, pl. 7).

x		MacCreagh, Gordon (detail)
		1926	White waters and black. New York, Century Co.: 1-335. –Repr.: Univ. Chicago Press, 1985. Brief accounts of manatees and manatee hunting (with harpoons and blowguns) by the Tiquié Tucana Indians of the Rio Uaupés region, Brazil (277, 311, 313, 323-324; fig. facing p. 309), including "feeling out" the manatee with a "long thin rod" before harpooning it!

MacDonald, B. W.: SEE Bryden et al., 1978. (detail)

		MacDougall, W. L. (detail)
		1983	Wetlands in trouble - a rush to save them. U.S. News & World Report 94: 77. June 1983.

		Macedo, Lino de (detail)
		1906	Amazonia: repositorio alphabetico de termos ... do grandioso valle do Amazonas. Lisbon, Typ. Adolpho Mendonça: iv + 303. Illus. –Manatee, 152, 189.

MacFadden, Bruce J.: SEE Webb et al., 1981. (detail)

		MacFadden, Bruce J.; Higgins, Pennilyn; Clementz, Mark T.; Jones, Douglas S. (detail)
		2004	Diets, habitat preferences, and niche differentiation of Cenozoic sirenians from Florida: evidence from stable isotopes. Paleobiology 30(2): 297-324. 4 tabs. 9 figs. 1 appendix. Spring 2004 (mailed Apr. 21, 2004).

x		Macfadyen, W. A. (detail)
		1952	Note on the geology of the Daban area and the localities of the described nautiloids. In: O. Haas & A. K. Miller, Eocene nautiloids of British Somaliland. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 99(5): 347-349. 2 tabs. Aug. 5, 1952. –Reports "sirenian remains" from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) "Nautilus beds" of the Lower Daban series (348).

MacFarlane, W.: SEE Johannes & MacFarlane, 1991. (detail)

		MacGillivray, John (detail)
		1852	Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S., &c. during the years 1846-1850. Including discoveries and surveys in New Guinea, the Louisade Archipelago, etc. To which is added the account of Mr. E. B. Kennedy's expedition for the exploration of the Cape York Peninsula. London, T. & W. Boone (2 vols.). –Repr.: Adelaide, Libraries Board of South Australia, 1967. Dugong at Moreton Bay, 2: 22-25, 48.

Machado, A. B. M.: SEE Bernardes et al., 1990. (detail)

x		Machado, Francisco de Paula (detail)
		1940	Peixe-boi da Amazonia. A Voz do Mar 19(175): 246. Sept.-Oct. 1940. –Notes the use of Amazonian manatee meat (for "mexira") and hide, and prices of the latter; details proposed regulations for hunting, especially during the Dec.-Feb. "breeding season", and proposals for increased efficiency in processing of hides.

		MacInnes, I. G. (Ed.) (detail)
		1950?	Australian fisheries: a handbook prepared for the second meeting of the Indo-Pacific Council, Sydney, April 1950. Sydney, Halstead Press Pty. Ltd.: 1-103. 6 figs. 6 pls. 1 map. –Brief comment on dugongs in Australia (43).

		Mackal, Roy P. (detail)
		1976	The monsters of Loch Ness. London, Futura Publications Ltd.: [xi] + 401. Illus. –Considers (in rather surprising detail) Steller's sea cow and other sirs. as possible candidates for the Loch Ness monster, presents an odd and rather lumpy reconstruction of Hydrodamalis (136), discusses sir. behavior, environment, and morphology, and illustrates (158) a "Hypothetical (but unlikely) sirenian" with a giraffe-like neck (!) that might conceivably account for the monster sightings (135-137, 143-144, 148-149, 155, 157-159, 162, 166-167, 171-172, 177, 181, 185-186, 192, 195, 197, 204, 283, 310-312). The most noteworthy part of this quaint exercise in speculative sirenology is a calculation (311-312), based partly on Steller's measurements and partly on unsupported estimates, of the body volume and lung volume of Hydrodamalis, which concludes that lung gas volume was about 13% of body volume.

Mackay, Bruce: SEE Chua et al., 2001. (detail)

x		Mackay-Sim, Alan; Duvall, David; Graves, Brent M. (detail)
		1985	The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) lacks a vomeronasal organ. Brain Behav. Evol. 27(2-4): 186-194. 3 figs. –Reports that a vomeronasal organ and nasopalatine ducts are absent in Florida manatees, but some olfactory epithelium and a rudimentary olfactory bulb are present.

x		MacKenzie, Debora (detail)
		1985	In defence of the dugong, dolphin and manatee. New Scientist 105(1447): 4. 1 fig. Mar. 14, 1985. –Notice of a meeting held in Geneva to implement the United Nations Environment Programme plan for marine mammal conservation.

MacKenzie, Duncan S.: SEE Ortiz et al., 1998. (detail)

		MacKerras, M. J. (detail)
		1958	Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part II. Eutheria. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 83: 126-143.

		Mackey, Daniel James (detail)
		1979	Can the Florida manatee survive? Natl. Parks & Conserv. Mag. 53(3): 14-17. 4 figs. Mar. 1979.

Macko, Stephen A.: SEE Walker & Macko, 1999. (detail)

x		MacLaren, James P. (detail)
		1967	Manatees as a naturalistic biological mosquito control method. Mosquito News 27(3): 387-393. 5 figs. Sept. 1967. –Recounts the history of weed and insect control studies using manatees in Panama, including the introduction into the Canal Zone of nine T. manatus from Panama and one T. inunguis from Peru. Concludes that effective weed control by manatees would require an unrealistically large herd of the animals.

Maclatchy, A. R.: SEE ALSO Malbrant & Maclatchy, 1949. (detail)

		Maclatchy, A. R. (detail)
		1936	Dans la brousse gabonaise. Terre et la Vie (Paris) 6: 360-369. 8 figs. –Mentions T. senegalensis in the Ogowe River, 362.

		Maclaud, C. (detail)
		1908	La chasse du lamantin en Afrique occidentale. La Nature (Paris) 36(= (2)20?): 289-290. 1 fig. Apr. 11, 1908.

x		MacMillan, L. (detail)
		1955	The dugong. Walkabout 21(2): 17-20. 2 figs. Feb. 1, 1955. –Detailed account of the natural history of the dugong in northwestern Australia, including shark predation, Aboriginal hunting with harpoons, economic use, and eyewitness descriptions of calving and the mother's teaching the calf to swim.

	D	MacNeil, F. S.; Wolfe, J. A.; Miller, D. J.; Hopkins, David M. (detail)
		1961	Correlation of Tertiary formations of Alaska. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 45(11): 1801-1809. 2 figs. Nov. 1961.

MacPhee, Ross D. E.: SEE ALSO Greenwood et al., 2001. (detail)

x		MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel A. (detail)
		1995	Origin of the Greater Antillean land mammal fauna, 1: New Tertiary fossils from Cuba and Puerto Rico. Amer. Mus. Novit. 3141: 1-31. 3 tabs. 11 figs. June 30, 1995. –Records the presence of indeterminate sir. bones in the Early Oligocene Juana Díaz Formation at Yauco, Puerto Rico (15-16).

x		MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Wyss, André R. (detail)
		1990	Oligo-Miocene vertebrates from Puerto Rico, with a catalog of localities. Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 2965: 1-45. 3 tabs. 12 figs. Feb. 27, 1990. –Reviews Puerto Rican occurrences of fossil sirs. and other vertebrates ranging in age from Early Oligocene to Late Miocene or Early Pliocene, and describes new material tentatively referred to Caribosiren turneri and Metaxytherium cf. calvertense, as well as an unnamed species of small Miocene dugongid and indeterminate sir. remains (2, 14-17, 21-38, 41). Some of the specimens described are from the former fossil vertebrate collection of the late Narciso Rabell Cabrero, now housed at the American Museum of Natural History.

		MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel A.; Gaffney, Eugene S. (detail)
		2003	Domo de Zaza, an Early Miocene vertebrate locality in south-central Cuba, with notes on the tectonic evolution of Puerto Rico and the Mona Passage. Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 3394: 1-42. 5 tabs. 16 figs. Feb. 19, 2003.

		Macreadie, M. (detail)
		1988	Plight of the dugong - what does the future hold? Austral. Fish. 47(11): 24-26. Illus.

		Macveigh, W. P. (detail)
		1974a	[Letter on dugongs.] Malayan Nature Jour. 28(1): 35. 1 pl. Sept. 1974.

x		Macveigh, W. P. (detail)
		1974b	On the dugong. Malayan Nature Jour. 28(2): 117. Dec. 1974. –Letter to the editor commenting further (pursuant to Macveigh, 1974a) on Bland's (1970) report of a dugong in Johore Strait. Briefly discusses the reported countershading of dugongs and the possibility of confusing them with the porpoise Neomeris.

Macwilliams, Peter S.: SEE Converse et al., 1994. (detail)

		Maden, Mary (detail)
		1999	The great manatee rescue. Kill Devil Hills (North Carolina), Dog and Pony Publishing (Earth/Ocean Adventures series, #2): [1-24.] Illus. –Children's book about the rescue of a Florida manatee injured by a boat.

Madin, Stewart H.: SEE Morales et al., 1985. (detail)

Madsen, Ole: SEE Springer et al., 1997; Stanhope et al., 1998. (detail)

Maeda, Hiroshi: SEE Marshall et al., 2003. (detail)

Maeda, Toshitsugu: SEE Furusawa et al., 1993. (detail)

Magalhães de Gândavo, Pêro de: SEE Gândavo, Pêro de Magalhães de. (detail)

Magalhães, Couto de: SEE Couto de Magalhães. (detail)

Magalowski, G.: SEE Hunger & Magalowski, 1957. (detail)

		Magnier, P. (detail)
		1962	Étude géologique du gisement de vertébrés du Gebel Zelten (Libye). C.R. Somm. Séanc. Soc. Géol. France 1962(2): 55-57. 3 figs.

		Magnus, Richard W. (detail)
		1978	The prehistoric and modern subsistence patterns of the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua: a comparison. In: B. L. Stark & B. Voorhies (eds.), Prehistoric coastal adaptations: the economy and ecology of maritime Middle America. New York, Academic Press: 61-80.

Magnussen, Harro: SEE Soza de Castro, F. de, 1907. (detail)

Magor, Diana Marion: SEE Bengtson & Magor, 1979; Domning & Magor, 1977; Rainey et al., 1984. (detail)

		Mahoney, J. A.; Ride, W. D. L. (detail)
		1975	Index to the genera and species of fossil Mammalia described from Australia and New Guinea between 1838 and 1968. West. Austral. Mus. Spec. Publ. No. 6: 1-249. –Lists Chronozoon as probable synonym of Phascolomys gigas (152); also lists Halicore brevirostris (157).

		Maia, Alvaro Botelho (detail)
		1936	Mensagem do Governador ... á Assembléa Legislativa [do Estado do Amazonas], na abertura da sessão ordinaria, em 3 de Maio de 1936. Manaus (Brazil), Secção de Obras da Imprensa Publica: 1-283 + tables. –Lists, in an unnumbered table, the quantities of manatee hides, mixira, and lard exported from municipalities in the state of Amazonas, Brazil in 1935.

		Maia, Alvaro Botelho (detail)
		1944	Exposição ao Excelentissimo Senhor Doutor Getulio Vargas, Presidente da República.... (Maio de 1943-Julho de 1944). [Interventoria Federal no Estado do Amazonas.] Manaus (Brazil), D.E.I.P.: 1-191. –Lists, in an unnumbered table, statistics on exports of manatee hides from the state of Amazonas, Brazil in 1943.

Maigret, J.: SEE ALSO Dupuy & Maigret. (detail)

		Maigret, J. (detail)
		1982	Recherches scientifiques dans les parcs nationaux du Sénégal. XVIII. Les mammifères marins du Sénégal. Etat des observations dans les parcs nationaux. Mem. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire 92: 221-231.

x		Maio, Nicola; Picariello, Orfeo (detail)
		2000	I pinnipedi e i sirenii del Museo Zoologico dell'Università di Napoli Federico II (Mammalia: Carnivora, Sirenia). Catalogo della collezione con note storiche e osteometriche. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 141(1): 1-18. Oct. 2000. –Lists three sir. specimens in the museum's collection: a skeleton and a skull of Dugong dugon, and a plaster cast of a skull of Hydrodamalis gigas (13-15).

		Maison, E. (detail)
		1899	Sirénes et lamantins. Cosmos (n.s.) 40: 106-108. 1 fig.

		Maitland, R. N.; Lawler, Ivan R.; Sheppard, James K. (detail)
		2006	Assessing the risk of boat strike on dugongs (Dugong dugon) at Burrum Heads, Queensland, Australia. Pacif. Conserv. Biol. 12: 321-327.

		Major, Charles Immanuel Forsyth (= C. J. Forsyth Major) (detail)
		1899	Note on a table of contemporary geological deposits arranged stratigraphically, with their characteristic genera of mammals. Geol. Mag. (4)6: 60-69. –Sirs., 62.

Makuta, K.: SEE Suzuki et al., 1986. (detail)

		Malbrant, René; Maclatchy, A. R. (detail)
		1949	Faune de l'equateur africain français. Paris, Lechevalier (Encyclopédie Biologique, vols. 35-36). –Mentions the occurrence of manatees on the Sangha R., Congo.

x		Malde, Harold E. (detail)
		1959	Geology of the Charleston phosphate area, South Carolina. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1079: 1-105. Illus. –Reports the zygomatic process of a sir. [USNM no. 321754] from the Oligocene Cooper Marl (19, 21).

x		Maldonado-Koerdell, Manuel (detail)
		1953	Segundo hallazgo de sirenidos fosiles en Mexico. Ciencia (Mexico) 13(7/8): 146-148. 1 fig. Nov. 20, 1953. –Reports sir. rib fragments and associated invertebrates from "Middle or Upper Oligocene" rocks of Chiapas, Mexico. These may instead be Eocene in age (Domning, Morgan & Ray, 1982: 7).

		Malia, Michael J.; Adkins, Ronald M.; Allard, Marc W. (detail)
		2002	Molecular support for Afrotheria and the polyphyly of Lipotyphla based on analyses of the growth hormone receptor gene. Molec. Phylog. Evol. 24(1): 91-101. July 2002.

Malme, Charles I.: SEE Richardson et al., 1995. (detail)

Maloy, W. Lee: SEE Lew et al., 1986. (detail)

x		Maluf, N. S. R. (detail)
		1989	Renal anatomy of the manatee, Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus. Amer. Jour. Anat. 184(4): 269-286. 3 tabs. 43 figs. Apr. 1989. –Detailed description of the Florida manatee's kidney, lavishly illustrated with line drawings and photographs, but with little discussion of function. Compares the kidney of T. manatus with those of other sirs. and other mammals, and concludes that its structure suggests "a mammal capable of forming a copious but only moderately hypertonic urine."

		Malukovich, Vladimir (detail)
		1977	[Where are you, Steller's sea cow?] Kamchatsky Komsomolets (Petropavlovsk): 1 p. 1 fig. Jan. 1977. –In Russian. Newspaper article, quoted in J.-P. Sylvestre (1983). Describes the supposed sighting of a live Hydrodamalis in Anapkinskaya Bay, Kamchatka, in the summer of 1976.

Manabe, Makoto: SEE Hasegawa et al., 1995. (detail)

Mandic, Oleg: SEE Pervesler et al., 1998. (detail)

x		Mani, S. B. (detail)
		1960	Occurrence of the sea cow, Halicore dugong (Erxl.), off the Saurashtra coast. Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 57(1): 216-217. –Reports the finding of a dead dugong and the capture of another (13 feet 4 inches in length) near Bedi Bunder (Jamnagar), northwestern India, at about 22° 30' N. This was considered by the journal's editor to be an extension of the recorded range in India. See also Silas (1961).

x		Manigault, Gabriel E. (detail)
		1886	[Discovery of two unusual fossils.] Proc. Elliott Soc. of Science and Art 2(12): 91-92. Apr. 1886 (read Mar. 12, 1885). –Notice of the presentation of a "dugong" specimen (the holotype of Dioplotherium manigaulti Cope, 1883, from the bed of the Wando River near Cainhoy, South Carolina) to the Charleston Museum by Mr. G. W. Coxe in 1878. Manigault later exhibited this specimen to the Society on Sept. 29, 1887 (see Proc. Elliott Soc. 2(23): 177, March 1888).

Manire, Charles A.: SEE Colbert et al., 2001. (detail)

		Manire, Charles A.; Walsh, Catherine J.; Rhinehart, Howard L.; Colbert, Debborah E.; Noyes, David R.; Luer, Carl A. (detail)
		2003	Alterations in blood and urine parameters in two Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from simulated conditions of release following rehabilitation. Zoo Biology 22(2): 103-120.

Mann de Toledo, Peter: SEE Toledo, Peter Mann de (detail)

		Mann, David A.; Colbert, Debborah E.; Gaspard, Joseph C., III; Casper, Brandon M.; Cook, Mandy L. H.; Reep, Roger Lyons; Bauer, Gordon Bruce (detail)
		2005	Temporal resolution of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) auditory system. Jour. Comp. Physiol. A, Sensory, Neural & Behav. Physiol. 191(10): 903-908.

		Mann, David A.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Nowacek, Douglas P. (detail)
		2006	Nonlinear dynamics in manatee vocalizations. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 22(3): 548-555. 2 tabs. 3 figs. July 2006.

		Mann, E. W. (detail)
		1903a	Dugongöl. Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind. 1903: 1357.

		Mann, E. W. (detail)
		1903b	[Title?] Pharm. Jour. 71: 840. –Abstr.: Analyst 29: 93, 1904.

Manning, Earl M.: SEE Prothero et al., 1988. (detail)

Manzij, Sawwa Filimonowitsch: SEE ALSO Sukhanov & Manzij, 1986. (detail)

		Manzij, Sawwa Filimonowitsch; Piliptshuk, Oleg Yaroslawowitsch (detail)
		1984	Morphologie und Funktionsanalyse des Axialskeletes des amerikanischen Lamantins Trichechus manatus Lin., 1758, Mammalia, Sirenia. Zool. Jahrb. Anat. 111(3): 257-295. 17 figs. –Engl. summ.

Marañón, Gregório: SEE Pires de Lima, F. de C., 1952. (detail)

		Marburg, O. (detail)
		1920	Neue Studien über die Zirbeldrüse. Arb. Neurol. Inst. Wien. Univ. (Obersteiner's) 23(1).

		Marcet-Riba, J. (detail)
		1956	Sucesión estratigráfica y fósiles del Eoceno de la Zona de Palafrugell-Esclana-Regencós (Bajo Ampurdán, provincia de Gerona). Notas y Com. Inst. Geol. y Minero España No. 42: 48-49. –Reports sir. rib fragments from the Eocene of Esclanyà, Spain.

		Marchand, Didier (detail)
		1999	Restructuration crânienne chez les mammifères retournés à la vie marine. Revue de Paléobiologie (Geneva) 18(1): 197-220. –Engl. summ.

Marcondes, M. M. C.: SEE Vergara-Parente et al., 2003a, b. (detail)

		Marcopoulou-Diacantoni, A.; Logos, E. (detail)
		2004	The occurrence of the Metaxytherium cuvieri Christol in the Late Miocene sediments of Sitia, Crete. Bull. Geol. Soc. Greece 36: 764-771. 5 figs. –In Greek; Engl. summ.

x		Marcoy, Paul (pseudonym of Laurent Saint-Cricq) (detail)
		1869	Voyage a travers l'Amerique du Sud. Paris, L. Hachette & Cie. (2 vols.): Vol. 1: 1-704; Vol. 2: 1-519. Illus. –Engl. transl.: Marcoy (1875). Interesting accounts of Amazonian manatees, including Indians' use of manatee-hide straps in wrapping the dead (1: 671-672), hunting (1: 673; 2: 149-153), possible fighting between male manatees (2: 151), a manatee fetus (2: 152, 155), anatomical and gastronomical comments (2: 155-157), and the capture of a manatee by a jaguar (2: 202-204). There are two pictures of hunting (1: 673; 2: 153), one of the fetus (2: 155), and a most dramatic one of the jaguar and his prey (2: 203). See also Van Bree & Duguy (1977).

x		Marcoy, Paul (pseudonym of Laurent Saint-Cricq) (detail)
		1875	Travels in South America. New York, Scribner, Armstrong, & Co. (2 vols.): Vol. 1: xii + 524; Vol. 2: viii + 496. –A somewhat abridged and bowdlerized transl. of Marcoy (1869). "Lamantin" is incorrectly translated as "seal" (2: 42). Scientific names are added here and there (e.g., "Manatus americanus", 2: 187). The same illustrations are used as before. The sir. material is found in vol. 2: 42, 45, 187-194, 235-237.

x		Marcus, H. (detail)
		1921a	Über die Zahl und die Verschiebung von Zähnen besonders bei Manatus. Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Organismen 47(4): 571-586. 4 tabs. 3 figs. Pls. 18-19. Apr. 18, 1921. –Discusses the mode of tooth replacement in manatees in the light of a study of a series of T. senegalensis. Concludes that replacement is principally due to forward pressure from teeth erupting at the back of the toothrow, and that the number of teeth formed during the lifetime is at least 12-15 per jaw quadrant (274-286, pls. 18-19).

x		Marcus, H. (detail)
		1921b	Über die Zähne und die Korrelation ihrer Zahl mit dem Alter, untersucht an Blindwühlen, Krokodilen und Seekühen. In: Deutsche Zahnheilkunde: Forschung und Praxis. Ein Band zu Ehren von O. Walkoff. Ed. 2. (Sonderheft von Deutsche Zahnheilkunde.) Leipzig, Georg Thieme: 145-157. 6 figs. Pls. 5-6. –First ed., 1920? Discusses the number of erupted and developing teeth in T. inunguis and T. senegalensis, and the process of tooth replacement (154-156).

x		Marden, Luis (detail)
		1947	Guatemala revisited. Natl. Geogr. Mag. 92(4): 525-564. Illus. Oct. 1947. –Account of harpooning a manatee in Lake Izabal, Guatemala (552, 558); photo, 546.

		Marine Mammal Commission, U.S. (detail)
		1986	Habitat protection needs for the subpopulation of West Indian manatees in the Crystal River area of northwest Florida. NTIS Document No. PB 86-200250: iv + 46. 2 tabs. 7 figs. –Written by David Laist, David Gluckman, Daryl Domning, and James Mead. Report originally issued Sept. 1984.

		Marine Mammal Commission, U.S. (detail)
		1988	Preliminary assessment of habitat protection needs for West Indian manatees on the east coast of Florida and Georgia. NTIS Document No. PB 89-162002: xi + 107. 9 tabs. 21 figs. Dec. 1988. –Written mainly by David Laist.

		Marion, R.; Sylvestre, Jean-Pierre (detail)
		1993	De la sirène aux siréniens. In: R. Marion & J.-P. Sylvestre (eds.), Guide des otaries, phoques et siréniens. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé: 130-147.

		Marius (pseudonym) (detail)
		1917	The Australian dugong. The Lone Hand, May 1, 1917: 300-301. 1 fig. –Pop. acc. of dugongs and dugong hunting in Queensland.

Marivaux, L.: SEE Welcomme et al., 1999. (detail)

Markley, Susan: SEE Clark, M. G., 1990. (detail)

x		Marlow, B. J. (detail)
		1962	A recent record of the dugong, Dugong dugon, from New South Wales. Jour. Mamm. 43(3): 433. Aug. 20, 1962. –Reports an adult male washed ashore near Sydney in 1959, possibly killed by cold (see also Anon., 1959b). It bore specimens of the barnacle Platylepas hexastylus, and its mouth contained the seagrasses Halophila ovalis and Zostera capricornii.

Mármol Burgos, Andrés E.: SEE ALSO Neville et al., 1976. (detail)

x		Mármol Burgos, Andrés E. (detail)
		1976	Informe preliminar sobre las plantas que sirven de alimento al manati de la Amazonia (Trichechus inunguis). [Abstr.] Resumenes del Primer Congreso Nacional de Bot nica (Lima, Peru, June 28-July 3, 1976): 31-32. –Lists Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, E. azurea, Echinochloa sp., Paspalum sp., and Convolvulaceae among manatee food plants in the Peruvian Amazon.

Marmontel, Miriam: SEE ALSO Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998; Hernandez et al., 1995; Rosas et al., 1999. (detail)

		Marmontel, Miriam (detail)
		1995	Age and reproduction in female Florida manatees. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 98-119. 13 tabs. 9 figs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 16).

x		Marmontel, Miriam; Humphrey, Stephen R.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1997	Population viability analysis of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Conserv. Biol. 11(2): 467-481. 3 tabs. 5 figs. Apr. 1997. –Spanish summ. Computer modeling, based on data fron 1,212 salvaged carcasses, projects an unacceptably low probability of population persistence over 1,000 years. A 10% increase in adult mortality, or a 10% decrease in reproduction, would cause extinction within that period, whereas a 10% decrease in adult mortality would allow slow population growth. Increasing numbers of people and boats portend an increase in manatee mortality; therefore, without effective regulation of boating, the Florida manatee is likely to decline slowly to extinction.

		Marmontel, Miriam; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Humphrey, Stephen R. (detail)
		1990	An evaluation of bone growth-layer counts as an age-determination technique in Florida manatees. NTIS Document No. PB 91-103564: x + 94. 9 tabs. 34 figs. Sept. 1990.

x		Marmontel, Miriam; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Kochman, Howard I.; Humphrey, Stephen R. (detail)
		1996	Age determination in manatees using growth-layer-group counts in bone. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 12(1): 54-88. 3 tabs. 17 figs. Jan. 2, 1996. –Describes growth-layer groups in an enlarged sample of T. m. latirostris and T. m. manatus, showing that maximum layer counts are obtained from the middle third of the dome region (= pars temporalis or tegmen tympani) of the periotic bone, and that data from known-age, known minimum-age, and tetracycline-marked animals are consistent with annual deposition of the layers. Bone resorption does not affect accuracy of layer counts until ages greater than about 15 years and body lengths greater than 300 cm are attained. Use of layer counts from the periotic bone is considered suitable for studies of population dynamics and other age-related aspects of manatee biology.

x		Marmontel, Miriam; Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		1992	Reproductive biology of South American manatees. In: W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates. New York, Springer-Verlag (1-328): 295-312. 1 tab. 9 figs. –Reviews available data on sir. reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior and their implications for conservation, emphasizing T. manatus and T. inunguis.

		Marquardsen, Hugo (detail)
		1920	Angola. Berlin, D. Reimer (E. Vohsen): viii + 134. Frontisp. 12 pls. Maps. –Sirs., 69.

		Marsden, William (detail)
		1811	The history of Sumatra, containing an account of the government, laws, customs, and manners of the native inhabitants, with a description of the natural productions, and a relation of the ancient political state of that island. Ed. 3. London, printed for the author by J. M'Creery: viii + 479. –Allen 525. Duyong, 122 (not mentioned in ed. 1?).

Marsh, Helene D.: SEE ALSO Aragones & Marsh, 2000; Bryden et al., 1978, 1998; Corkeron et al., 1997; Denton et al., 1980; Elliott et al., 1979; Eros et al., 2000; Heinsohn et al.; Hernandez et al., 1995; Hudson & Marsh, 1986; Lanyon et al., 1989; Lanyon & Marsh, 1995; Leatherwood & Reeves, 1989; McCabe et al., 1978; Murray et al., 1977; Nishiwaki & Marsh, 1985; Ponte et al., 1994; Preen et al., 1989, 1997; Preen & Marsh, 1995; Rowlatt & Marsh, 1985; Smith & Marsh, 1990; Spain et al.; Tikel et al., 1996; Appendix 1, _Dugong Newsletter_. (detail)

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1977	The alimentary canal of the dugong. [Abstr.] Bull. Austral. Mamm. Soc. 4(1): 32. Sept. 1977 (read May 1977).

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1978	Age determination in the dugong Dugong dugon, using dentinal growth layers. [Abstr.] Bull. Austral. Mamm. Soc. 5(1): 37-38. Read May 1978.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1980	Age determination of the dugong (Dugong dugon (Müller)) in northern Australia and its biological implications. In: W. F. Perrin & A. C. Myrick, Jr. (eds.), Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians. Repts. Internatl. Whaling Comm., Special Issue 3: 181-201. 6 tabs. 19 figs. –Describes in detail the morphology and internal structure of the incisors and cheek teeth, and correlates their growth layers, size, and eruption with season of death, body length, puberty, and closure of cranial sutures. Growth layers were also observed in the tympanic bones and ribs, but not the humerus or malleus. Concludes that the tusks are best for age determination, that one growth layer group is deposited in them per year, and that marked accessory layering probably represents individual rather than latitudinal variation. Life span is in excess of 50 years. Puberty in both sexes occurs at 9 or more years of age in the Townsville population, but several years later in the Mornington Island population. The tusks of males erupt at about 12 and 14+ years in these two populations, respectively. An age-length growth curve for both sexes, based on number of dentinal growth layer groups, is presented. Techniques used in aging dugong teeth are also described on pp. 41-45 of this volume.

n		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1981b	The life history parameters of the dugong and their implications for conservation. [Abstr.] In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 88-90. –Abstr. of Marsh (1980).

n		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1981c	The food of the dugong. [Abstr.] In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 164-165. –Abstr. of Marsh, Channells, Heinsohn & Morrissey (1982).

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1981d	Preliminary description of the reproductive organs of the female dugong and suggested methods of specimen collection as part of a carcass salvage program. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 248-259. 1 tab. 6 figs. –Describes the gross anatomy of the female reproductive tract, discusses the evidences of ovulation and pregnancy, and recommends procedures for specimen collection and preservation.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1981e	Techniques used for determining age in dugongs based on the examination of layers in hard tissues. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 311-343. 1 fig. –Describes in detail techniques for collecting, processing, sectioning, staining, and examining dugong teeth. Also discusses layering in bones and the use of aspartic acid racemization in teeth and eyelenses. Includes a glossary (335-339).

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1983	Conserving the dugong (cowfish) in Vanuatu. Naika, Jour. Vanuatu Nat. Sci. Soc. No. 9: 1-5. 1 fig. Mar. 1983. –French & Pidgin summs. Gen. acc. of dugong biology, with some comments on dugongs in Vanuatu and recommendations for their protection.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1984a	How Borroloola "May-Day" launched air rescue for dugongs and turtles. Habitat Australia 12(4): 2-5. 4 figs. Aug. 1984.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1984b	The dugong problem. Queensland Fisherman, Sept. 1984: 8.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1984c	Stranded! Simply Living 2(5): 106-107. 6 figs. –Pop. acc. of rescuing dugongs and turtles stranded by Cyclone Kathy in northern Australia.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1984d	Marine mammals: gargantuan yet graceful. In: The Readers' Digest book of the Great Barrier Reef. Sydney, Readers' Digest: 298-303. 10 figs.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1986a	The status of the dugong in Torres Strait. In: A. K. Haines, G. C. Williams & D. Coates (eds.), Torres Strait Fisheries Seminar, Port Moresby, 11-14 February 1985. Canberra, Austral. Govt. Publ. Serv. (vii + 344): 53-76. 8 tabs. 4 figs. –On the basis of an aerial survey, available life-history data, and available catch statistics, a population model is formulated that indicates that the Torres Strait dugong population has been seriously overexploited in the recent past, is insufficient to support the present catch level, and is in danger of extermination.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1986b	'Dugong is Number One Tucker.' Oceanus 29(2): 102. 1 fig. Summer 1986. –See also B.E.T. Hudson (1986).

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1986c	Dugong life history: implications for management of Australian populations. In: S. Burgin (ed.), Endangered species: social, scientific, economic and legal aspects in Australia and the South Pacific. Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Sydney, May 11 and 12, 1984. Sydney, Total Environment Centre (iv + 231): 163-187. 5 tabs. –Abstr.: Austral. Mar. Science Assoc. Bull. 79: 26-27, 1982.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1986d	Research on dugongs and other marine mammals by James Cook University of North Queensland. In: P. D. Shaughnessy (ed.), Report of CSIRO Marine Mammal Workshop. CSIRO Tech. Memo. No. 26: 42-43. Mar. 1986.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1988a	An ecological basis for dugong conservation in Australia. In: M. L. Augee (ed.), Marine mammals of Australasia: field biology and captive management. Sydney, Roy. Zool. Soc. New South Wales (vii + 140): 9-21. 2 tabs. 3 figs. Mar. 1988. –Gen. acc. of dugong biology, ecology, and status in Australia, with preliminary data from a radiotracking study and dugong population estimates for several parts of the northern coast.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1988b	Dugong research: current status and opportunities. In: A. J. Dartnall (ed.), Australian tropical marine science and technology: current status and opportunities. [Canberra], Austral. Marine Sciences & Technologies Committee, Austral. Inst. Marine Science, Dept. of Science, & Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (1-260): 128-130. –Short summary of the types and results of dugong research being conducted in Australia.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1988c	Dugongs of the southeast coast. Whalewatcher 22(4): 8-10. Cover illus. + 3 figs. Winter 1988. –Detailed gen. acc. of dugongs in Australia.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1988d	The dugong problem. In: F. Gray & L. Zann (eds.), Traditional knowledge of the marine environment in northern Australia. Proceedings of a workshop held in Townsville, Australia, 29 and 30 July 1985. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Workshop Ser. No. 8: 120-131.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1988e	The importance of marine parks for the management of dugongs in Australian waters. Proc. Symp. Endangered Marine Animals & Marine Parks (Cochin, India, Jan. 12-16, 1985) 1: 495-502. 1 fig. Oct. 1988. –Reviews dugong life history, causes of mortality, and the role of marine parks and other conservation measures needed for dugong protection.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1989a	Mass stranding of dugongs by a tropical cyclone in northern Australia. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 5(1): 78-84. 1 tab. 4 figs. Jan. 1989. –Reports the stranding of at least 27 dugongs in the Northern Territory in 1984, of which 23 were rescued. Describes the condition, behavior, sex, and reproductive status of the stranded animals, and gives data on the age, reproductive status, stomach contents, and heavy metal status of 3 that were necropsied.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1989b	Tracking dugongs by satellite. The Pilot (Newsletter of the UNEP Marine Mammal Action Plan) No. 3: 10-11. 1 fig. Apr. 1989.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1989c	Dugongidae. Chapter 57 in: D. W. Walton & B. J. Richardson (eds.), Fauna of Australia, Vol. 1B. Mammalia. Canberra, Austral. Govt. Publ. Serv. (ix + 401-1227): 1030-1038. 3 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1990	Sea cows. In: E. Gould & G. McKay (eds.), Mammals. New York & Sydney, Mallard Press (Encyclopedia of Animals) (240 pp.): 164-166. 4 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1991	Our tropical siren. Austral. Geogr. No. 21: 42-57. Cover illus. + 30 figs. Jan.-Mar. 1991. –See also Preen (1991).

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1995a	Fixed-width aerial transects for determining dugong population sizes and distribution patterns. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 56-62. 2 tabs. 2 figs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 11).

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1995b	The life history, pattern of breeding, and population dynamics of the dugong. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.). Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 75-83. 7 tabs. 3 figs. Aug. 1995. –Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 10-11).

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1996	Progress towards the sustainable use of dugongs by Indigenous peoples in Queensland. In: M. Bomford & J. Caughley (eds.), Sustainable use of wildlife by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. Canberra, Australian Govt. Publ. Service (ix + 216): 139-151. 3 figs. 2 pls.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1997	Going, going, dugong. Nature Australia 25(9): 50-57. 8 figs. Winter 1997. –Gen. acc. of dugong population biology, status, and conservation in Australia.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		2000	Evaluating management initiatives aimed at reducing the mortality of dugongs in gill and mesh nets in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 16(3): 684-694. 1 tab. 1 fig. July 2000.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		2002	Dugong (Dugong dugon). In: W. F. Perrin, B. Wrsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals. San Diego, Academic Press (xxxviii + 1414): 344-347. 2 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		2008	Marine mammals. In: P. Hutchings, M. Kingsford, & O. Hoegh Guldberg (eds.), A field guide to the Great Barrier Reef. CSIRO Publishing.

x		Marsh, Helene D. (ed.) (detail)
		1981a	The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979. [Townsville, Australia], James Cook Univ.: vii + 400. Illus. –The "second ed." of this work (1984) is essentially identical in content, but is typeset rather than reproduced from typescript and has different pagination (viii + 240), and the paper by Blair has been updated with newly published names of parasites. The original pagination is used here for indexing. Contains 22 seminar papers and abstracts, listed in this bibliography by their authors (1-203); two sets of conservation recommendations (205-216); 10 background papers, listed here by author (217-343); 2 workshop reports, listed here by author (345-368); and, as appendices, sample data sheets for carcass salvage and aerial surveys used by the James Cook University and Papua New Guinea dugong projects (369-398) and a list of participants in the conference (399-400). See also Marsh, Channells, & Morrissey (1979). The seminar papers and abstracts are by Bertram, Nishiwaki et al., Hendrokusumo et al., Brownell et al., Jones, Heinsohn (2), Elliott, Prince et al., Marsh (2), Anderson, Chase, Hudson, Spain & Marsh, Murray, Denton, Miyazaki et al., Campbell & Ladds, Yamasaki et al., Kamiya & Yamasaki, and Kataoka & Asano. The background papers are by Heinsohn (2), Denton, Rainey, Marsh (2), Marsh & Glover, Blair, Spain & Marsh, and Channells & Morrissey. The workshop reports are by Marsh & Heinsohn and Marsh & Kasuya.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Anderson, Paul K. (detail)
		1983	Probable susceptibility of dugongs to capture stress. Biol. Conserv. 25(1): 1-3. Jan. 1983. –Reports an elevated blood serum potassium level in a dugong chased by a speedboat and harpooned; recommends caution in research and management actions that may result in stress to dugongs.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Eisentraut, M. (detail)
		1984	Die Gaumenfalten des Dugong. Zs. Säugetierk. 49(5): 314-315. 1 fig. –Illustrates and briefly describes the rather reduced pattern of palatal ridges in a dugong.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Giffney, Siriol (detail)
		1999	The biology and conservation of dugong. Sphere Square Newsletter 16: 2-3. 4 figs. May 1999. –In Japanese.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Glover, Timothy D. (detail)
		1981	A preliminary description of the reproductive organs of the male dugong and suggested methods of specimen collection. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 261-273. 4 figs. –Abstr.: Proc. Soc. Study Fert. Camb. 1979: 16. Describes the gross anatomy of the male reproductive tract, and recommends procedures for tissue and blood collection and preservation. Also suggests topics and approaches for future study.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin (detail)
		1981	Report of the aerial survey workshop. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 345-353. 2 tabs. 1 fig. –Describes a workshop on aerial survey techniques, consisting of flights over the Cleveland Bay area (Queensland). Dugong sightings by different teams of observers are tabulated and compared, showing repeatability of the results.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin (detail)
		1982	Conserving the dugong: Australia's responsibility. Bull. Austral. Littoral Soc. 5(5): 1-5. 2 figs. Nov. 1982. –Text reprinted: Marsh & Heinsohn (1983). Gen. acc. of dugong biology, threats to dugong survival, and conservation needs in Australia and Papua New Guinea.

n		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin (detail)
		1983	Conserving the dugong: Australia's responsibility. Habitat Austral. 11(2): 28-30. 1 fig. Apr. 1983. –Repr. of Marsh & Heinsohn (1982).

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Kasuya, Toshio (detail)
		1981	Report of the age determination workshop. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 354-368. 3 tabs. 1 fig. –Describes a workshop on the preparation and reading of growth layers in dugong tusks, with tabulation and comparison of the results obtained by experienced and inexperienced readers. Tusks from lower latitudes tended to be harder to score due to their numerous accessory layers.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Lefebvre, Lynn W. (detail)
		1994	Sirenian status and conservation efforts. Aquatic Mammals 20(3): 155-170. 2 tabs. 9 figs. –Summarizes published and unpublished data on the status of the living taxa of sirs., emphasizing T. m. manatus, T. m. latirostris, and D. dugon (155-164); outlines conservation efforts in Florida and Australia (164-165); and reports the outcomes of three recent international meetings on sir. rersearch and conservation (165-168).

		Marsh, Helene D.; Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		1987	Tracking dugongs. Argos Newsletter No. 29: 8-9. 1 fig. Mar. 1987. –Text in French & Engl.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		1990	Development and application of conventional and satellite radio tracking techniques for studying dugong movements and habitat use. Austral. Wildl. Res. 17(1): 83-100. 4 tabs. 8 figs. –Describes techniques used on, and data obtained from, 6 male dugongs radiotagged in North Queensland and tracked for 1-16 months. Their movement patterns were surprisingly similar to those of Florida manatees; all spent most of their time in relatively small and overlapping home ranges near inshore seagrass beds. Only one pubertal male undertook long-distance movements (>140 km in 2 days). Another dugong repeatedly travelled 10 km up a tidal creek. Concludes that conventional transmitters are better for behavioral observations, but satellite transmitters are better for tracking movements.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Saalfeld, W. Keith (detail)
		1989	Distribution and abundance of dugongs in the northern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Austral. Wildl. Res. 16(4): 429-440. 5 tabs. 5 figs.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Saalfeld, W. Keith (detail)
		1990	The distribution and abundance of dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park south of Cape Bedford. Austral. Wildl. Res. 17(5): 511-524. 4 tabs. 8 figs. –Aerial surveys in 1986-87 gave a population estimate of 3,479 ± S.E. 459 dugongs in the region. Highest densities were observed on inshore seagrass beds and in waters less than 5 m deep. Maps of dugong density and distribution are given, and recommendations are made on the timing of future surveys.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Saalfeld, W. Keith (detail)
		1991	The status of the dugong in Torres Strait. In: D. Lawrence & T. Canfield-Smith (eds.), Sustainable development for traditional inhabitants of the Torres Strait region. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Workshop Ser. No. 16: 187-194. 2 tabs. 1 fig. –Aerial survey data from 1987-88, and earlier catch statistics, indicate a minimum population estimate of 12,522 ± S.E. 1,487 dugongs in the region but are deemed insufficient to determine either the current catch level or the maximum sustainable harvest.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Sinclair, D. F. (detail)
		1989a	Correcting for visibility bias in strip transect aerial surveys of aquatic fauna. Jour. Wildl. Manage. 53(4): 1017-1024. 1 tab. 1 fig. –Reports on the procedures used to develop survey-specific perception-bias and availability-bias correction factors in surveys of dugongs in northern Australia.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Sinclair, D. F. (detail)
		1989b	An experimental evaluation of dugong and sea turtle aerial survey techniques. Austral. Wildl. Res. 16(6): 639-650. 1 tab. 5 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Arnold, P. W.; Limpus, Colin J.; Birtles, Alastair; Breen, Barbara; Robins, J.; Williams, R. (detail)
		1997	Endangered and charismatic megafauna. In: The Great Barrier Reef: science, use and management. A national conference.... [Held] 25-29 November 1996, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings, Volume 1, Invited Papers. Townsville: 124-138.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Arnold, P.; Freeman, M.; Haynes, D.; Laist, David; Read, A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Kasuya, Toshiro (detail)
		2003	Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In: N. Gales, M. Hindell, & R. Kirkwood (eds.), Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood (Australia), CSIRO Publ. (xii + 446): 1-19.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Beck, Cathy A.; Vargo, Tim (detail)
		1998	Comparison of the capabilities of dugongs and West Indian manatees to masticate seagrasses. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15(1): 250-255. 1 tab. 2 figs. "Jan. 1999" (mailed Dec. 3, 1998). –Compares fragment sizes of seagrasses (Halodule and Thalassia) in stomach contents of dugongs and of Florida and Puerto Rican manatees. The fragments from dugong stomachs were smaller despite the dugong's simpler teeth, indicating that other parts of the masticatory apparatus are also important in fragmentation of food.

x	D	Marsh, Helene D.; Channells, Peter W.; Morrissey, Janice (detail)
		1979	A bibliography of the Recent Sirenia.... Prepared for the Dugong Seminar Workshop held at James Cook University, May 8-13th 1979. Townsville (Australia), James Cook Univ.: i + 163. –Lists 1,746 titles alphabetically by author; no index. Some entries are annotated. The preface states that "This bibliography was prepared as a background paper for the Dugong Workshop .... It was prepared in a limited time and without access to a major library. Accordingly, we were forced to rely on previous published and unpublished bibliographies of the recent Sirenia." This was the most comprehensive sirenian bibliography compiled prior to the present one, and it contains many paleontological and desmostylian as well as neontological references.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Channells, Peter W.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Morrissey, Janice (detail)
		1982	Analysis of stomach contents of dugongs from Queensland. Austral. Wildl. Res. 9(1): 55-67. 3 tabs. 4 figs. –Abstr.: Marsh (1981c). Stomach contents of 96 dugongs confirmed that the diet consists almost entirely of seagrasses of all available genera, and probably reflects the generic composition of the beds where the animals were captured. Rhizomes were present in all stomachs, including that of a neonatal calf. Non-epiphytic algae were found in 51% of stomachs, but in small amounts. Also discusses the effects of cyclones on dugong feeding areas and diet, and the dietary importance of seagrass rhizomes vs. leaves and stems.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Corkeron, Peter J.; Lawler, Ivan R.; Lanyon, Janet M.; Preen, Anthony R. (detail)
		1996	The status of dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef region, south of Cape Bedford. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Publ. No. 41: 1-80. 7 tabs. 7 figs. 2 appendix tabs. 7 appendix figs.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Corkeron, Peter J.; Limpus, Colin J.; Shaughnessy, Peter Douglas; Ward, T. M. (detail)
		1993	Conserving marine mammals and reptiles in Australia and Oceania. In: C. Moritz & J. Kikkawa (eds.), Conservation biology in Australia and Oceania. Chipping Norton (New South Wales), Surrey Beatty & Sons (xii + 403 pp.): 225-244. 3 tabs. 8 figs. –?Repr.: Marsh, Corkeron et al., 1995. Gen. acc. of dugong biology, status, and conservation problems, based mainly on data from Australia (232-234).

		Marsh, Helene D.; Corkeron, Peter J.; Limpus, Colin J.; Shaughnessy, Peter Douglas; Ward, T. M. (detail)
		1995	The reptiles and mammals in Australian seas: their status and management. In: State of the marine environment report for Australia, Technical Annex 1. Townsville, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority: 151-166. –Reprint of Marsh et al., 1993?

		Marsh, Helene D.; De'ath, Glenn; Gribble, N.; Lane, B. (detail)
		2005	Historical marine population estimates: triggers or targets for conservation? The dugong case study. Ecol. Applics. 15: 481-492.

		Marsh, Helene D.; De'ath, Glenn; Gribble, Neil; Lane, Baden (detail)
		2001	Shark control records hindcast serious decline in dugong numbers off the urban coast of Queensland. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Publication No. 70: 1-24. 1 tab. 8 figs. –Publ. together with Marsh & Lawler (2001).

		Marsh, Helene D.; Eros, Carole; Corkeron, Peter J.; Breen, Barbara (detail)
		1999	A conservation strategy for dugongs: implications of Australian research. Mar. Freshwater Res. 50(8): 979-990.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Freeland, W. J.; Limpus, Colin J.; Reed, P. C. (detail)
		1986	The stranding of dugongs and sea turtles resulting from Cyclone Kathy, March 1984: a report on the rescue effort and the biological data obtained. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory (Darwin, Australia), Tech. Rept. No. 25: iv + 60. 8 tabs. 24 figs. May 1986.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Gardner, Blair R.; Heinsohn, George Edwin (detail)
		1981	Present-day hunting and distribution of dugongs in the Wellesley Islands (Queensland): implications for conservation. Biol. Conserv. 19(4): 255-267. 2 tabs. 4 figs. Apr. 1981. –Describes present hunting techniques using harpoons and outboard motors, and the results of aerial surveys of the Wellesley Islands area. Peak hunting activity coincides with seasonal movements of dugongs; 374 animals were counted, of which about 40 are taken each year. Hunting is now easier and less dangerous, but some sociological factors discourage it, and some hunters try to avoid taking pregnant females.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Harris, A. N. M.; Lawler, Ivan R. (detail)
		1997	The sustainability of the indigenous dugong fishery in Torres Strait, Australia/Papua New Guinea. Conserv. Biol. 11(6): 1375-1386. 8 tabs. 4 figs. Dec. 1997. –Spanish summ. On the basis of aerial surveys in 1987 and 1991 and catch statistics, concludes that the annual catch approximates 5% of the estimated dugong population and is likely to be unsustainable. An increase in the Torres Strait population between the aerial surveys is thought to have been due to redistribution of dugongs within the survey region or to immigration, probably from Irian Jaya. For effective dugong management, the Torres Strait Islanders must be involved in management decisions and efforts.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Channells, Peter W. (detail)
		1984	Changes in the ovaries and uterus of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugongidae), with age and reproductive activity. Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 743-766. 4 tabs. 13 figs. –Gross and histological studies of 49 female reproductive tracts showed extreme flattening of the ovaries, a high frequency of sterile cycles, low fecundity, greater activity of the right ovary than the left, and the presence of ovarian cysts and parasites. The dugong appears to be polyovular and polyestrous. Placental scars are considered the best index to parity. Similarities of reproductive biology between dugongs and elephants are pointed out.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Glover, Timothy D. (detail)
		1984	Changes in the male reproductive organs of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae [sic]) with age and reproductive activity. Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 721-742. 5 tabs. 12 figs. –Gross and histological studies of 59 male reproductive tracts showed wide variation in testicular activity; many males in a population at any given time seem not to be producing sperm. Differences from and resemblances to other "paenungulates" and other mammals are discussed.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Lachlan M. (detail)
		1984	Breeding cycle, life history and population dynamics of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugongidae). Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 767-788. 5 tabs. 3 figs. –Reports that fertility is discontinuous in both males and females; calving is diffusely seasonal; neonates are 1.0-1.3 m long; sexual maturity is attained at 2.2-2.5 m and at least 9-10 years; gestation lasts about 1 year and lactation at least 1.5 years; the sex ratio is 1:1; the calving interval is 3-7 years; mortality is more important than the age of maturity in influencing population dynamics; estrus can occur during lactation; the low nutritive value of seagrasses may explain the discontinuous fertility; and the delay in maturity may be density-dependent. Gives original accounts of three births, one shark attack, and one case of males fighting with their tusks.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V. (detail)
		1977	The stomach and duodenal diverticula of the dugong (Dugong dugon). In: R. J. Harrison (ed.), Functional anatomy of marine mammals. London, Academic Press: Vol. 3: 271-295. 1 tab. 10 figs. –Describes the gross anatomy, histology, and histochemistry of the stomach and diverticula and discusses their functional and ecological implications. Reports occurrences of the parasites Paradujardinia halichoris and Lankatrema sp.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Kwan, D. (detail)
		2008	Temporal variability in the life history and reproductive biology of female dugongs in Torres Strait: the likely role of sea grass dieback. Continental Shelf Research 28: 2152-2159.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Lawler, Ivan R. (detail)
		2001	Dugong distribution and abundance in the Southern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and Hervey Bay: results of an aerial survey in October-December 1999. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Publication No. 70: 25-87. 8 tabs. 3 figs. 3 appendix tabs. –Publ. together with Marsh et al. (2001).

		Marsh, Helene D.; Lawler, Ivan R. (detail)
		2002	Dugong distribution and abundance in the Northern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: November 2000. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Research Publication 77.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Lawler, Ivan R.; Kwan, Donna; Delean, Steve; Pollock, Kenneth H.; Alldredge, Matthew W. (detail)
		2004	Aerial surveys and the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is unsustainable. Animal Conservation 7: 435-443. 5 tabs. 3 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Best, Robin Christopher (detail)
		1986	Research on sirenians. Ambio 15(3): 177-180. 4 figs.

		Marsh, Helene D.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		2011	Ecology and conservation of the Sirenia: dugongs and manatees. Cambridge (U.K.), Cambridge Univ. Press (Conservation Biology Series No. 18): xvi + 521. Illus. Dec. 1, 2011. –Revs.: R.K. Bonde, Ecology 93(9): 2127-2128, Sept. 2012; D.P. Domning, Jour. Mamm. 93(5): 1405-1406, Oct. 19, 2012.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Penrose, H.; Eros, C. (detail)
		2003	A future for the dugong? In: N. Gales, M. Hindell, & R. Kirkwood (eds.), Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues. Collingwood (Australia), CSIRO Publ. (xii + 446): 383-399. 3 tabs. 1 fig.

		Marsh, Helene D.; Penrose, Helen; Eros, Carole; Hugues, Joanna (detail)
		2002	Dugong: status reports and action plans for countries and territories in its range. Cambridge (U.K.), IUCN: viii + 162. 2 tabs. Illus. –Also publ. as: Dugong: status reports and action plans for countries and territories. UNEP Early Warning and Assessment Report Series 1 (Cambridge, UNEP), 2002.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Prince, Robert I. T.; Saalfeld, W. Keith; Shepherd, R. (detail)
		1994	The distribution and abundance of the dugong in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Wildl. Res. 21(2): 149-161. 4 tabs. 4 figs. –Aerial surveys in winter 1989 gave a minimum population estimate of 10,146ñ1,665 (s.e.) dugongs at an overall density of 0.71ñ0.12 (s.e.) dugongs/kmý, the highest density ever recorded on a large-scale survey. The high proportion of calves (19%) suggested an exceptionally high calving rate in 1988. Dugong density was highest in relatively deep water (12-16 m). Surveys in summer 1990 and 1991 confirmed that dugong distribution in Shark Bay varies seasonally with water temperature.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Rathbun, Galen B.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Preen, Anthony R. (detail)
		1995	Can dugongs survive in Palau? Biol. Conserv. 72(1): 85-89. 2 tabs. 2 figs. –An aerial survey of Palau in 1991 found even fewer dugongs per flight-hour than earlier surveys, while interviews indicated that regular poaching continued along with illegal sale of jewellery made from dugong ribs. The authors believe that dugongs will go extinct in Palau unless poaching is stopped immediately.

x		Marsh, Helene D.; Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin (detail)
		1978	Minireview: physiology of the dugong. Compar. Biochem. Physiol., Part A, 61(2): 159-168. 1 tab. 3 figs. –Briefly summarizes published literature and some unpublished data on dugong anatomy, feeding, digestion, fat composition, excretion, reproduction, respiration, circulation, nervous and endocrine systems, social behavior, and vocalizations.

Marsh, Lachlan M.: SEE Marsh, Heinsohn & Marsh, 1984. (detail)

		Marsh, Othniel Charles (detail)
		1877	Introduction and succession of vertebrate life in America. Amer. Jour. Sci. (3)14: 337-378. –Repr.: Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 26: 211-258, 1878. Sirs. in latter, 234, 252.

x	D	Marsh, Othniel Charles (detail)
		1888	Notice of a new fossil sirenian, from California. Amer. Jour. Sci. Arts (3)35(205)(whole vol. no. 135): 94-96. 3 figs. Jan. 1888. –This, the first scientific paper published on desmostylians, describes Desmostylus hesperus, n.gen.n.sp., from Alameda County, Calif., on the basis of isolated teeth and a lumbar vertebra deposited in the Yale Peabody Museum. It was believed to be Pliocene in age and related to Metaxytherium and Halicore. In fact it is Miocene in age, and according to Merriam (1911: 404) the type was actually collected in Contra Costa County.

		Marshall, A. G. (detail)
		1970	The life cycle of Basilia hispida Theodor, 1967 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae) in Malaysia. Parasitology 61(1): 1-18.

x		Marshall, Alan J. (detail)
		1978	People of the Dreamtime. Ed. 2. Melbourne, Hyland House: 1-104. Illus. –Ed. 1, Melbourne, Cheshire: iv + 88, illus., 1952. Recounts an Aboriginal story, collected in Arnhem Land, of "The bittern who caught a dugong" (80-84).

Marshall, Christopher D.: SEE ALSO Reep et al., 1998, 2001, 2002. (detail)

x		Marshall, Christopher D. (detail)
		1996	The West Indian manatee in Florida. Isana-Kai: Cetaceans, Pinnipeds and Sirenians (Tokyo) 24(24): 6-10. –Gen. acc. of manatee biology, ecology, and physiology and of threats to manatee survival in Florida, written for a Japanese popular science magazine.

x		Marshall, Christopher D.; Reep, Roger Lyons (detail)
		1995	Manatee cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture of the caudal region in Trichechus manatus latirostris. Brain Behav. Evol. 45: 1-18. 11 figs. –Maps and describes cortical areas in the caudal region, and discusses their possible functional roles.

x		Marshall, Christopher D.; Clark, L. A.; Reep, Roger Lyons (detail)
		1998	The muscular hydrostat of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris): a functional morphological model of perioral bristle use. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 290-303. 3 figs. Mar. 31, 1998. –Describes the anterior facial muscles in serial section; recognizes a new muscle (M. centralis nasi); shows that these muscles meet the definition of a muscular hydrostat; and hypothesizes a sequence of muscle contractions to explain the observed movements of the snout and bristles while feeding. See also Reep et al. (1998) and Marshall et al. (1998).

x		Marshall, Christopher D.; Huth, Glenn D.; Edmonds, Virginia M.; Halin, Deborah L. ("D. M. Halin"); Reep, Roger Lyons (detail)
		1998	Prehensile use of perioral bristles during feeding and associated behaviors of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 274-289. 4 figs. Mar. 31, 1998. –Reports observations of captive and wild manatees feeding on 6 species of aquatic plants, attempting to manipulate inanimate objects, and in social interactions. Describes details of both prehensile and tactile lip and vibrissal movements. See also Reep et al. (1998) and Marshall, Clark & Reep (1998).

x		Marshall, Christopher D.; Kubilis, Paul S.; Huth, Glenn D.; Edmonds, Virginia M.; Halin, Deborah L.; Reep, Roger L. (detail)
		2000	Food-handling ability and feeding-cycle length of manatees feeding on several species of aquatic plants. Jour. Mamm. 81(3): 649-658. 3 tabs. 3 figs. Aug. 18, 2000. –Captive experiments on Florida manatees using Hydrilla, Myriophyllum, Vallisneria, Syringodium, & Thalassia quantified variations in handling time according to plant species. Plants with tubular stems & numerous branches were consumed faster than ones with flat blades.

		Marshall, Christopher D.; Maeda, Hiroshi; Iwata, Matsumitsu; Furuta, Masami; Asano, Shiro; Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Reep, Roger Lyons (detail)
		2003	Orofacial morphology and feeding behaviour of the dugong, Amazonian, West African, and Antillean manatees (Mammalia: Sirenia): functional morphology of the muscular-vibrissal complex. Jour. Zool. 259(3): 245-260. 2 tabs. 7 figs. Mar. 2003.

		Marshall, Christopher D.; Vaughn, Susan D.; Sarko, Diana K.; Reep, Roger Lyons (detail)
		2007	Topographical organization of the facial motor nucleus in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Brain Behav. Evol. 70(3): 164-173. 4 figs.

		Marshall, Larry G.; Hoffstetter, Robert; Pascual, Rosendo (detail)
		1983	Mammals and stratigraphy: geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing Tertiary of South America. Palaeovertebrata, Mém. Extraord. 1983: 1-93. –Mentions Ribodon magdalenensis (n.comb.), 52.

		Marshall, W. (detail)
		1887	Atlas der Tierverbreitung. (Berghaus "Physikalischer Atlas", Abt. 6.) Gotha: 1-10. 45 figs., Maps 52-60. –Sirs., map 53f.

x		Marshall, W. (detail)
		1896	Über Waltiere. Zool. Garten (Frankfurt) 37: 17-25, 40-48. –Notes the value to sirs. of a heavy skeleton in aiding submergence with large, air-filled lungs (46).

		Marston, Hope Irvin (detail)
		2007	My little book of manatees. Lakeville (Minnesota), Windward Publishing (Finney Co.): [1-30.] Illus. –Book for young children.

		Martin, E. (detail)
		1930	A journal of a slave dealer - Nicholas Owen. A view of some remarkable axcedents in the life of Nics. Owen on the coast of Africa and America from the year 1746 to the year 1757. London, George Routledge & Sons. –While living near Bonthe, Sierra Leone, Owen recorded that "3 or 4 days past there has been a great take of manatee or sea cow in our river, a creature of a very ugly form but good eating, about the size of a cow but rather resembles hog in all but its tail and want of feet. It's monstrous fat, having a skin an inch thick."

x		Martin, J. H. D. (detail)
		1975	A list of mammals from Stradbroke Island. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 86(12): 73-76. Mar. 1, 1975. –P. 74: {"There is one Queensland Museum record of a dugong juvenile (J4391, Moreton Bay) and one record of a 'Porpoise' skull (J21718). Dugong (Dugong australis Owen, 1847) were common in the waters around Stradbroke Island (the Amity Banks) at the turn of the century, but in latter years sightings have been infrequent."} See also H. Kirkman (1975).

x		Martin, Johann Karl (detail)
		1887	Westindische Skizzen; Reise-Erinnerungen. Leiden, E. J. Brill: vii + 186. 22 pls. –"Seperatausgabe des 1sten Theils" of Martin (1888). Discusses food plants of "Manatus latirostris" (mentioning Montrichardia by name) and its range in Suriname (27).

		Martin, Johann Karl (detail)
		1888	Bericht über eine Reise nach Niederländisch West-Indien und darauf gegründete Studien. Zweite Teil. Geologie. Leiden, E. J. Brill: ix + 238. 41 figs. 3 pls. 4 maps. –See also Martin, 1887. Fossil sirs., Aruba & ?Bonaire, 89, 101-103, pl. 1.

Martin, Larry D.: SEE Whetstone & Martin, 1979. (detail)

Martin, Lawrence: SEE Raza et al., 1984. (detail)

		Martin, R. M. (detail)
		1977	Mammals of the seas. London, Batsford: 1-208. –Pop. acc. of dugongs and manatees, chap. 8.

		Martínez, A. (detail)
		1995	Algunos aspectos biológicos del manatí (Trichechus manatus) en cautiverio. Caracas, Simp. Intl. sobre Delfines y otros Mamíferos Acuaticos de Venezuela, Memorias: 145-158.

Martini, Erlend: SEE Cappetta et al., 2000. (detail)

		Martins, Charles (detail)
		1857	Nouvelle comparaison des membres pelviens et thoraciques chez l'homme et chez les mammifères déduite de la torsion de l'humerus. Ann. Sci. Nat. (4)8: 45-110. Pls. 2-3. –Sirs., 69.

Martius, Carl Friedr. Phil. von: SEE Spix & Martius, 1831. (detail)

		Martyr, Peter (= Martire D'Anghiera, Pietro) (detail)
		1516	De orbe novo decades. Alcalá, A. Guillelmi: 67 leaves. –First printing of the Second and Third Decades. The First Decade was first published in 1511, but does not seem to refer to manatees. Manatee, dec. III, lib. VIII, cap. 1 (reprinted in Durand, 1983: 43-45).

		Martyr, Peter (= Martire D'Anghiera, Pietro) (detail)
		1533	De rebus oceanis & orbe nouo decades tres: quibus quicquid de inuentis nuper terris traditum, nouarum rerum cupidum lectorem retinere possit, copiose, fideliter, eruditique docetur. Eivsdem praeterea Legationis Babylonicae libri tres: vbi praeter oratorii mvneris pulcherrimum exemplum, etiam quicquid in uariarum gentium moribus & institutis insigniter praeclarum uidit queque terra marique acciderunt, omnia lectu mirè iucunda, genere dicendi politissimo traduntur. Basileae [= Basel], Ioannem Bebelium: leaves 1-92. –Allen 4. First ed.: Martyr (1516). Engl. transl.: London, William Powell, 1555; repr. in E. Arber, The first three English books on America..., Birmingham, 1885, repr. New York, Krauss Repr. Co., 1971. Manati, leaf 60, C, D (in the Eighth Book of the Third Decade). Durand (1983: 82-84) quotes manatee passages from dec. I, lib. III, cap. v and dec. VII, lib. VIII, cap. 1 of a Spanish edition. "Peter Martyr has the distinction of being the earliest historian of the New World ..., a term coined by him" (Morison, 1942).

Maruyama, Toshiaki: SEE Oishi et al., 1990. (detail)

Marvanek, Steven: SEE Kemper et al., 1994. (detail)

Marx, Preston A.: SEE Greenwood et al., 2001. (detail)

x		Masini, Raymond J.; Anderson, Paul K.; McComb, Arthur J. (detail)
		2001	A Halodule-dominated community in a subtropical embayment: physical environment, productivity, biomass, and impact of dugong grazing. Aquatic Botany 71: 179-197. 5 tabs. 5 figs. –Observations at Shark Bay, Australia, suggested that local dominance of a Halodule-Penicillus community is dependent on exclusion of competitots by freshwater and sediment inflows. High levels of UV radiation may set the latitudinal limit of H. uninervis distribution. Dugong rooting may redistribute nutrients and stimulate nitrogen fixation and productivity. Halodule rhizomes may provide dugongs with maximal energy return for foraging effort, and be more important to dugongs than Halodule leaves.

		Mass, Alla M.; Ketten, Darlene R.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Supin, Alexander Ya. (detail)
		2012	Ganglion cell distribution and retinal resolution in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. Anat. Rec. 295(2): 355-368.

x		Mass, Alla M.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Ketten, Darlene R.; Supin, Alexander Ya. (detail)
		1997	Retinal topography and visual acuity in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. [Title of Engl. transl.: Ganglion layer topography and retinal resolution of the Caribbean manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris.] Doklady Akademii Nauk (Rossiiskaya Akad. Nauk) 355(3): 427-430. 3 figs. July 1997. –In Russian. Engl. transl.: Doklady Biological Sciences 355: 392-394; this version is the one indexed here. Describes the shape and proportions of the eyeball and its major components, as well as ganglion cell density and distribution on the retina. The retina contains no area centralis or visual streak, merely an area of slightly increased cell density in the ventral sector. The manatee has the lowest degree of retina differentiation among all marine mammals studied, and its retinal resolution value (20') is also much lower than those of nearly all other marine mammals. Concludes that the manatee can probably distinguish only nearby objects.

		Massette, Barbara (detail)
		1994	At home with the manatees. Dive Travel 9(6): 14, 16. 2 figs. Summer 1994.

		Masterson, James Raymond; Brower, Helen (detail)
		1948	Bering's successors, 1745-1780; contributions of Peter Simon Pallas to the history of Russian exploration toward Alaska. Seattle, Univ. Washington Press: 1-96.

		Mastrorilli, V. I. (detail)
		1973	Rinvenimento di resti schletrici di sirenidi nel bacino oligocenico Ligure-piemontese presso Millesimo (Savona). Doriana (Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. "G. Doria") 5(205): 1-6. 2 figs. July 15, 1973. –Engl. & German summs.

		Mate, Bruce R. (detail)
		1986	Tracking marine mammals by satellite: identification of critical habitats. Whalewatcher 20(2): 8-9. 1 fig. Summer 1986.

		Mate, Bruce R.; Rathbun, Galen B. ("Geylen Rathburn"); Reid, James P. ("James Reed") (detail)
		1986	An Argos-monitored radio tag for tracking manatees. Argos Newsletter No. 26: 2-7. 1 tab. June 1986. –Text in French & Engl.

		Mate, Bruce R.; Reid, James P.; Winsor, M. (detail)
		1987	Long-term tracking of manatees through the Argos satellite system. In: Proc. Argos Internatl. Users Conference (Greenbelt, Maryland): 211-220.

		Mathews, Edward Davis (detail)
		1879	Up the Amazon and Madeira rivers, through Bolivia and Peru. London, S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington: xv + 402. Illus.

		Mathews, Patrick D.; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Rosas, Fernando César Weber; D'Affonsêca Neto, José Anselmo; Lazzarini, Stella Maris; Ribeiro, Daniella C.; Dubey, Jitender P.; Vasconcellos, Silvio A.; Gennari, Solange M. (detail)
		2012	Occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43(1): 85-88. 1 table. DOI: 10.1638/2011-0178.1 Mar. 2012.

Matoba, N.: SEE Kuroki et al., 1988. (detail)

Matschie, Paul: SEE ALSO Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828-99. (detail)

		Matschie, Paul (detail)
		1893	Die Säugethiere des Togogebietes. Mitt. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. (Berlin) 6: 162-180. –Sirs., 180.

x		Matson, George Charlton (detail)
		1915	The phosphate deposits of Florida. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 604: 1-101. Tabs. 2 figs. 17 pls. –Illustrates the "jawbone of a manatee" (pl. 12) that was later made the holotype of Metaxytherium floridanum Hay, 1922; from the Bone Valley Formation.

		Matson, George Charlton; Clapp, F. G. (detail)
		1909	A preliminary report of the geology of Florida, with special reference to the stratigraphy. Florida Geol. Surv. Rept. 2: 25-173. 2 figs. 8 pls. –Sirs., 136.

x		Matson, George Charlton; Sanford, Samuel (detail)
		1913	Geology and ground waters of Florida. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 319: 1-445. 7 figs. 17 pls. –P. 146: {"The Bone Valley gravel, however, contains many fossils which are contemporaneous with the deposition of the beds, among them being teeth of horses, rhinoceroses, mammoths, sharks, and manatees."} "Manatees" here refers to Miocene dugongids, principally Metaxytherium floridanum.

		Matsubara, S. (detail)
		1881	[On the dugong of Japan.] Dobutsugaku Zasshi (Tokyo, Zool. Soc. Japan) 1: 93-96. –In Japanese.

Matsuda, G.: SEE Czelusniak et al., 1990. (detail)

Matsuda, T.: SEE Nojo et al., 1999. (detail)

Matsui, Masaru: SEE ALSO Kimura et al., 1987; Minato et al., 1957; Uozumi et al., 1966; Yamaguchi et al., 1981. (detail)

	D	Matsui, Masaru; Ganzawa, Y. (detail)
		1987	Oligo-Miocene Kawakami Group in eastern Hokkaido. - The age and horizon of Ashoro fossil fauna. In: Professor Masaru Matsui Memorial Volume. Sapporo: 137-143. May 1987.

	D	Matsui, Masaru; Yamaguchi, Shoichi; Kimura, Masaichi (detail)
		1984	On the Desmostylus found from Hokkaido and Sakhalin, with stratigraphical and sedimentary environmental remarks. Monogr. Assoc. Geol. Collab. in Japan 28: 51-61. 1 tab. 5 figs. May 1984. –In Japanese; Engl. summ.

	D	Matsumoto, Hikoshichiro (detail)
		1918a	On a new fossil Trionyx from Hokkaido. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imper. Univ. (Ser. 2, Geol.) 3: 57-60. Pl. 21. –Abstr.: Geol. Zentralbl. 25: 467? Desmostylians, 59.

	D	Matsumoto, Hikoshichiro (detail)
		1918b	A contribution to the morphology, palaeobiology and systematics of Desmostylus. Sci. Rept. Tohoku Imper. Univ. (Ser. 2, Geol.) 3(2): 61-74. Pl. 22.

	D	Matsumoto, Hikoshichiro (detail)
		1923a	Mammalian horizons in the Japanese Tertiary revised stratigraphically, and the interrelation of the terrestrial and marine deposits. Proc. Pan-Pacif. Sci. Congr., Australia 2(1): 887-896. 2 figs. –Desmostylians, 891-892.

		Matsumoto, Hikoshichiro (detail)
		1923b	A contribution to the knowledge of Moeritherium. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48(4): 97-140. 5 tabs. 11 figs. Sept. 21, 1923. –Sirs., 111, 123-124.

Matsumoto, Mitsuharu: SEE Nishinakagawa et al., 1994. (detail)

	D	Matsuuda, Nobuomi (detail)
		1988	[Neogene fauna and mammal fossils from Ishikawa Prefecture.] In: Y. Hasegawa (ed.), [Study on fossil marine mammals from Japan. (Subject of study) Studies on biostratigraphy and paleontology of Cenozoic marine mammals.] Japan, Ministry of Education, Aid for Scientific Study, Synthetic Study A, Subject No. 61304010: 22-28. 4 tabs. 1 fig. March 1988. –In Japanese.

x		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1912a	Einige Bemerkungen über das Gehörorgan von Walen und Sirenen. Anat. Anz. 41(20/22): 594-599. July 27, 1912. –Criticizes Abel's (1912) statements on the hearing of marine mammals, and supports Boenningshaus (1904). Concerning sirs., Matthes concludes (597-599) that their ears are adapted only for hearing in the water and not in the air.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1912b	Zur Entwicklung des Kopfskelettes der Sirenen. 1. Die Regio ethmoidalis des Primordialkraniums von Manatus latirostris. Jena. Zs. Natw. 48: 489-514.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1915	Beiträge zur Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Sirenen. 1: Die äussere Körperform eines Embryos von Halicore dugong von 15 cm Rückenlänge. Jena. Zs. Natw. 53(= n.s. 46): 557-580. Pl. 8.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1921a	Eine bemerkenswerte Eigentümlichkeit am Meckel'schen Knorpel eines Säugethieres: Zusammensetzung des Meckel'schen Knorpels bei Halicore dugong aus zwei hintereinander liegenden Teilstücken. Anat. Anz. 54(11): 209-229. 6 figs. Aug. 1, 1921.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1921b	Einige Beobachtungen über die Entwicklung des Schädels der Sirenen. Verh. Deutsch. Zool. Ges. (Berlin) 26: 73-75.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1921c	Zur Kenntniss des Knorpelschädels von Halicore dugong. Zool. Anz. 52: 139-151. 2 figs.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1921d	Zur Entwicklung des Kopfskelettes der Sirenen. II. Das Primordialcranium von Halicore dugong. Zs. Ges. Anat. 60(1): 1-304. 36 figs. 6 pls.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1921e	Neuere Arbeiten über das Primordialkranium der Säugethiere. Zs. Ges. Anat., Abt. 3, 23: 669-912. 13 figs.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1929	Die Dickenverhältnisse der Haut bei den Mammalia im allgemeinen, den Sirenia im besonderen. Zs. Wiss. Zool. 134(2/3): 345-357. 1 fig.

		Matthes, Ernst (detail)
		1945	Zur Embryologie und Systematik der Gattung Manatus. Mem. Estud. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra 164: 1-43. 3 figs. 2 pls. –Synonymizes Manatus koellikeri Kükenthal with T. m. manatus (42).

		Matthew, William Diller (detail)
		1912	Symposium on ten years' progress in vertebrate paleontology. African mammals. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 13: 156-162. –Sirs., 156.

		Matthew, William Diller (detail)
		1915	Climate and evolution. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 24: 171-318. 33 figs. –Rev.: Amer. Jour. Sci. (4)40: 83-85. Sirs., 256, 314.

x		Matthew, William Diller (detail)
		1916a	New sirenian from the Tertiary of Porto Rico, West Indies. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 27: 23-29. 2 figs. Jan. 28, 1916 (read Nov. 8, 1915). –Abstr.: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 26: 439, May 12, 1915? Describes ?Halitherium antillense, n.sp., and compares it with other sirs.; discusses sir. affinities and phylogeny, distribution, and cheek tooth formulae. The age of the new species is given only as "Tertiary"; it is Middle Oligocene according to Reinhart (1959: 21).

	D	Matthew, William Diller (detail)
		1916b	Recent progress in vertebrate palaeontology. Mammals. Science (n.s.) 43: 107-110. –Desmostylians, 109.

x		Matthies, Enrico (detail)
		1994	Vom "lachenden" Manati - zu einigen bemerkenswerten, historischen Sirenendarstellungen. Milu (Berlin) 8(2): 186-193. 11 figs. –Reproduces 11 illustrations of manatees and dugongs from 19th-century German books on natural history, and discusses their authorship.

		Mattila, D. K.; Clapham, P. J.; Vasquez, O.; Bowman, R. S. (detail)
		1994	Occurrence, population composition, and habitat use of humpback whales in Samana Bay, Dominican Republic. Canad. Jour. Zool. 72(11): 1898-1907. Illus. Nov. 1994.

		Mattioli, Stefano (detail)
		1981	È veramente scomparsa la ritina? Geodes, La Terra che Vive 3(3): 88-96. 9 figs. July-Aug. 1981. –Pop. acc. of Steller's sea cow.

		Mattioli, Stefano; Domning, Daryl Paul (detail)
		2006	An annotated list of extant skeletal material of Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) (Sirenia: Dugongidae) from the Commander Islands. Aquatic Mammals 32(3): 273-288. 5 tabs.

		Maupin, B. (detail)
		1969	Blood platelets in man and animals. Vol. 1. Oxford, Pergamon Press: 1-541. –Considers the manatee blood smear reported by Knoll (1958) to be inconclusive.

		Maureta, J.; Thos y Codina, S. (detail)
		1881	Descripción física, geológica y minera de la provincia de Barcelona. Mem. de la Comisión del Mapa Geol. España: 1-487. 8 pls. –Reports the discovery of fossil bones and teeth, which later proved to be sirenian and were made the holotype of Metaxytherium catalaunicum Pilleri et al., 1989.

x		Maw, Henry Lister (detail)
		1829	Journal of a passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic, crossing the Andes in the northern provinces of Peru, and descending the River Marañon, or Amazon. London, John Murray: xv + 486. –Account of a manatee harpooned at Tabitinga, Brazil (near the border with Peru and Colombia), with general remarks on its appearance and gross anatomy (237-239).

		Mawdesley, Thomas L. E. (detail)
		1974	Some aspects of neoplasia in marine animals. In: F. S. Russell & M. Yonge (eds.), Advances in marine biology, Vol. 12. New York & London, Academic Press (xii + 436): 151-231.

Mawson, Patricia M.: SEE Johnston & Mawson, 1941. (detail)

		May, James H. (detail)
		1974	Wayne County geology. Mississippi Geol. Surv. Bull. 117: 13-194. Illus. –Mentions sir. ribs from the Upper Oligocene Chickasawhay Formation (96).

May, L. P.: SEE Schiro et al., 1996. (detail)

May, R. M.: SEE Dayton, P. K., 1975. (detail)

x		Mayer, Johann (detail)
		1784	Nachricht von verschiedenen Knochen nicht einheimischer Thiere, so in Böhmen gefunden werden. Abh. einer Privatgesellschaft in Böhmen (Prague) 6: 260-267. Pls. 3-4. –Reports teeth and bones of "Mannatus" found in excavations at Leutmeriz (Litomerice) and Theresienstadt (Terezin?), Czechoslovakia (262-263). With them were found "verschiedene dünne spitzige stark gebogene Zähne"; could these have been Rytiodus-like tusks?

Mayerson, Evelyn: SEE Hiaasen et al., 1997. (detail)

		Mayet, Lucien; Lecointre, Comtesse Pierre (detail)
		1909	Étude sommaire des mammifères fossiles des faluns de la Touraine, proprement dite. Ann. Univ. Lyon, Sci. Med. (n.s.) 1, fasc. 26: 1-72. 30 figs.

x		Maynard, C. J. (detail)
		1872	Catalogue of the mammals of Florida, with notes on their habits, distribution, etc. ... [Continued.] Bull. Essex Inst. 4(10): 137-150. Oct. 1872. –Briefly notes the occurrence of Trichechus manatus in the Indian River and between Tampa Bay and Cape Sable, but not in Mosquito or Halifax Lagoons. It is also "said to feed upon leaves of the mangrove during the night" (142-143).

		Maynard, C. J. (detail)
		1883	The mammals of Florida. Quart. Jour. Boston Zool. Soc. 2(2): 20.

x		Maynard, Thane (detail)
		1999	Manatees: sweet potatoes that swim! Land's End Catalog 36(5): 34-37. 5 figs. + photo on contents page. May 1999. –Pop. acc. of manatees in Florida and Belize, with several glaring inaccuracies.

x		Maynes, G.; Hudson, Brydget E. T. (detail)
		1981	The mammals on our stamps. Descriptions of the mammals featured on Papua New Guinea's October 1980 stamps issue. Wildlife in Papua New Guinea 81/6: 1-6. 4 figs. –Pop. acc. of the dugong, with an illustration of the 7-toea stamp depicting it (4-6).

x		Mayor, Adrienne (detail)
		2000	The first fossil hunters: paleontology in Greek and Roman times. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press: xx + 361. 77 figs. 7 maps. –Speculates (at the suggestion of Eric Buffetaut) that ancient reports of "sea monster remains" on the French coast may have been inspired by skeletons of the "Miocene dugong Halitherium" seen south of the Gironde estuary (145, 259, 325). Also states that Paleolithic hunters in the same region made tools from Halitherium ribs (166).

Mazza, Paul: SEE Bianucci et al., 2001. (detail)

Mazzeo, Jeff: SEE Dierauf, L. A., 1990. (detail)

McAllister, A.: SEE Patton et al., 1989. (detail)

	D	McAnally, Lee McKenzie (detail)
		1993	Fallacy, felony and fossils from the Sooke Formation. Vancouver Island Paleontological Society Newsletter No. 3: 8-9. 4 figs. Spring 1993. –Slightly altered repr.: McAnally, 1996. Relates the history of the type and other specimens of Cornwallius sookensis, including their apparent theft from the British Columbia Provincial Museum in 1928 and their mysterious return in 1932.

x	D	McAnally, Lee McKenzie (detail)
		1996	Paleogene mammals on land and at sea. Chap. 16 in: R. Ludvigsen (ed.), Life in stone: a natural history of British Columbia's fossils. Vancouver, Univ. Brit. Columbia Press (viii + 310 pp.): 202-211. ?? figs. –Contains an account of the discovery and subsequent history of the type material of Cornwallius sookensis, slightly modified from McAnally (1993).

x		McAtee, W. L. (detail)
		1950	Possible early record of a manatee in Virginia. Jour. Mamm. 31(1): 98-99. Feb. 21, 1950. –Calls attention to the account by Glover (1676) of an animal seen in the Rappahannock River, which may have been a manatee, or, in my opinion, perhaps a pinniped.

x		McBain, James (detail)
		1860	Notice of a skull of a manatee from Old Calabar. Rept. 29th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Notices: 150-152. Read Sept. 1859, _fide_ McBain (1863). –Describes in detail a skull of T. senegalensis.

x		McBain, James (detail)
		1863	Remarks on some comparative anatomical distinctions between the skull of the Manatus Senegalensis and that of a manatee from the Bay of Honduras. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh 2: 261-267. Read Mar. 27, 1861. –Compares a skull of "Manatus australis" with the skull described by McBain (1860).

x		McCabe, M.; Hamilton, R.; Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		1978	Some studies on the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin from the dugong. Compar. Biochem. Physiol., Part A, 61(1): 19-22. 2 tabs. 3 figs. –Reports that the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curves did not show the pronounced sigmoidality seen in humans; the oxygen affinities were rather high; and the Bohr effect was not very marked. Significant subunit dissociation of dugong hemoglobin may occur at low concentrations.

		McCarthy, T. J. (detail)
		1986	The gentle giants of Belize. Part II: Distribution of manatees. Belize Audubon Soc. Bull. 18: 1-4.

McCleery, D. P.: SEE Oldham et al., 1938. (detail)

x		McClenaghan, Leroy R., Jr.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1988	Genetic variability in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus). Jour. Mamm. 69(3): 481-488. 4 tabs. Aug. 30, 1988. –Reports that gel electrophoresis of tissues of salvaged carcasses from 20 counties in Florida showed normal to high levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity, and considerable genetic homogeneity across regions. The latter is attributed to high gene flow. An excess of homozygotes within regions may be due to natal-area fidelity.

		McClintock, Jack (detail)
		1990	Too nice to live. Life 13(14): 42-43, 45-48. 8 figs. Nov. 1990. –Sequel: Life 14(9): 19, 1 fig., July 1991.

McClune, Michael C.: SEE Bullock et al., 1982. (detail)

		McClung, Robert M. (detail)
		1969	Lost wild America: The story of our extinct and vanishing wildlife. New York, William Morrow & Co.: 1-240. Illus. –Brief pop. acc. of manatees in Florida (165-166).

		McClung, Robert M. (detail)
		1977	Man and manatee. Defenders Mag. 52(3): 187-189. 2 figs. –Pop. acc. of sirs. and their conservation.

x		McClung, Robert M. (detail)
		1978	Sad songs for the siren seacows. Defenders Mag., Feb. 1978: 46-47. 2 figs. –Pop. acc. of sirs. and the discovery of Hydrodamalis.

McComb, Arthur J.: SEE Masini et al., 2001. (detail)

	D	McCornack, Ellen Condon (detail)
		1914	A study of the Oregon Pleistocene; the Oregon Desmostylus skull. Oregon Univ. Bull. (n.s.) 12(2): 1-16. Illus.

		McCue, J. (detail)
		1971	Dugong tusks? Jour. Arabian Nat. Hist. Assoc. (Dhahran) 1: 10.

McEachran, J. D.: SEE Miyake et al., 1992. (detail)

		McGill, Tom (detail)
		2004	The Florida manatee conspiracy of ignorance. Merritt Island (Florida), Ralco. –Anti-manatee tract by one of the founders of Citizens for Florida Waterways.

McGregor, R. C.: SEE Dickerson et al., 1928. (detail)

McGrigor-Croft, John: SEE ALSO Anon., 1872. (detail)

x		McGrigor-Croft, John (detail)
		1860	The dugong: the valuable medicinal properties of its oil in consumption and various diseases. Zoologist 18: 7166-7169. –Describes the marked improvement produced by dugong oil in two cases of scrofula and consumption. Also notes that it helps in treating chronic dyspepsia and dysentery.

McGuire, Peter M.: SEE ALSO Bradley et al., 1993; Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998. (detail)

		McHale, M.; Broderick, Damien; Ovenden, Jennifer R.; Lanyon, Janet M. (detail)
		2008	A multiplexed PCR assay for sex assignment in dugong (Dugong dugon) and West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Molecular Ecology Notes 8(3): 669-670. May 2008.

		Mchedlidze, Guram Andreyevich (detail)
		1976	[Features of the evolution of cetacean fauna from the Black Sea and Caspian Sea regions in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.] Proc. Congr. Regional Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy No. 6: 185-187.

		McIntosh (detail)
		1911	A brief sketch of the toothed whales (Odontoceti). Zoologist (4)15: 81-103. –Sirs., 81.

McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie: SEE ALSO Domning et al., 1986; Novacek et al., 1988; Ray et al., 1994; Shoshani & McKenna, 1998; Wyss et al., 1987. (detail)

x		McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1956	Survival of primitive notoungulates and condylarths into the Miocene of Colombia. Amer. Jour. Sci. 254: 736-743. 2 figs. Dec. 1956. –P. 739, note: {"Stirton (1947) has described a new genus, Lophiodolodus, from the Oligocene Chaparral fauna, found near Tolima, Colombia, comparing it with the didolodonts. I suspect that Lophiodolodus is a sirenian; for this reason the genus does not enter into the present discussion."}

		McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1969	The origin and early differentiation of therian mammals. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 167(1): 217-224.

	D	McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1975	Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. In: W. P. Luckett & F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phylogeny of the primates. New York & London, Plenum Publ. Corp.: 21-46. 3 figs. Dec. 1975. –Introduces the taxon Tethytheria with the rank of "mirorder" to include the Sirenia, Desmostylia, and Proboscidea, and discusses the cladistic relationships of these orders with other mammals.

x		McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1980	Early history and biogeography of South America's extinct land mammals. In: R. L. Ciochon & A. B. Chiarelli (eds.), Evolutionary biology of New World monkeys and continental drift. New York, Plenum Publ. Corp.: 43-77. –Suggests that Florentinoameghinia and Lophiodolodus are both sirs. (66).

x	D	McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1987	Molecular and morphological analysis of high-level mammalian interrelationships. In: C. Patterson (ed.), Molecules and morphology in evolution: conflict or compromise? Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press: 55-93. 2 tabs. 7 figs. –Summarizes the evidence tending to place sirs. and desmostylians together with other "paenungulates" in a very early, probably Cretaceous, side-branch of the Eutheria (61-63, 70-71, 79-82).

x		McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie (detail)
		1992	The alpha crystallin A chain of the eye lens and mammalian phylogeny. In: A. Forstén, M. Fortelius, & L. Werdelin (eds.), Björn Kurtén - a memorial volume. Ann. Zool. Fennici 28(3-4): 349-360. 2 tabs. 1 fig. Feb. 19, 1992. –Presents a new cladogram based on eye-lens protein sequence data, showing Trichechus closest to hyracoids and tubulidentates and farther from elephants (350, 354-355, 357).

	D	McKenna, Malcolm Carnegie; Bell, Susan K. (detail)
		1997	Classification of mammals above the species level. New York, Columbia Univ. Press: xii + 631. 1 fig. –Introduces a new, cladistically-based classification in which the Sirenia and Desmostylia are radically demoted in taxonomic rank. A new Order Uranotheria includes the suborders Hyracoidea, Embrithopoda, and Tethytheria; the latter includes the infraorders Sirenia and Behemota (new); and the Behemota comprises the parvorders Desmostylia and Proboscidea (490-497).

McKenzie, L. J.: SEE Lee Long et al., 2000. (detail)

		McKillop, Heather I. (detail)
		1984	Prehistoric Maya reliance on marine resources: analysis of a midden from Moho Cay, Belize. Jour. Field Archaeol. 11(1): 25-35.

x		McKillop, Heather I. (detail)
		1985	Prehistoric exploitation of the manatee in the Maya and circum-Caribbean areas. World Archaeology 16(3): 337-353. 7 figs. Feb. 1985. –Reviews historical, ethnographic, and archaeological records of manatee exploitation in the Caribbean; discusses the manatee remains found at Moho Cay, Belize, and other Mayan sites; illustrates manatee-bone carvings from Moho Cay; and offers generalizations about patterns of marine and terrestrial resource exploitation in the region.

McLachlan, Michael S.: SEE ALSO Haynes et al., 1999; Muller et al., 1998. (detail)

		McLachlan, Michael S.; Haynes, David; Muller, Jochen F. (detail)
		2001	PCDDs in the water/sediment-seagrass-dugong (Dugong dugon) food chain on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Envir. Pollut. 113(2): 129-134.

x		McLaren, Suzanne B.; Schlitter, Duane A.; Genoways, Hugh H. (detail)
		1986	Catalog of the Recent marine mammals in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 55(11): 237-296. Nov. 7, 1986. –Lists 2 T. inunguis from Brazil, 26 T. manatus latirostris from Florida, and 1 T. senegalensis from Cameroun in the Carnegie Museum collection (293-296).

McLellan, William A.: SEE Kipps et al., 2002; Rommel et al., 2001. (detail)

McLeod, Samuel A.: SEE ALSO Domning, D.P., 1994b. (detail)

	D	McLeod, Samuel A.; Barnes, Lawrence G. (detail)
		1984	Fossil desmostylians. Mem. Nat. Hist. Foundation of Orange County (California) 1: 39-44. 6 figs. Jan. 1, 1984.

McMillan, K.: SEE Barile et al., 1983. (detail)

x		McNally, Robert (detail)
		1984	The short, unhappy saga of Steller's sea cow. Sea Frontiers 30(3): 168-172. 4 figs. May-June 1984. –Pop. acc. of Hydrodamalis and the Bering expedition.

		McNerney, B. B. (detail)
		1982	Birth of a manatee: an eyewitness account. Oceans 15(6): 12. Nov.-Dec. 1982. –Describes the birth of a wild manatee in the Tomoka R., Florida.

		McNiven, Ian J.; Bedingfield, Alice C. (detail)
		2008	Past and present marine mammal hunting rates and abundances: dugong (Dugong dugon) evidence from Dabangai Bone Mound, Torres Strait. Jour. Archaeol. Science 35: 505-515. 3 tabs. 9 figs.

		McNulty, Faith (detail)
		1979	Manatees. New Yorker 55(2): 83-89. 1 fig. Feb. 26, 1979. –Repr. in The wildlife stories of Faith McNulty, Garden City (New York), Doubleday & Co. (470 pp.): 49-57, 1980.

McPherson, G.: SEE Gribble et al., 1998. (detail)

		McSpadden, J. (detail)
		1947	Animals of the world. Garden City (New York), Garden City Publ. Co.: 1-345.

		McTurk, William H. (detail)
		1960	Stories of the manatees. Jour. Brit. Guiana Mus. & Zoo No. 26: 34. June 1960. –Material in No. 23 also? Stories of people killed by manatees' upsetting canoes.

Mead, James G.: SEE ALSO Allen, J.A., 1882; Marine Mammal Commission, 1986. (detail)

x		Mead, James G. (detail)
		1983	Ri or dugong? (Comment on Wagner [1982]) Cryptozoology 2: 161-162. Winter 1983. –Concludes that the "ri" of New Ireland is not a porpoise, and suggests some sorts of evidence that would help determine whether it is a dugong.

		Meckel, Johann Friedrich (detail)
		1806	Abhandlungen aus der menschlichen und vergleichenden Anatomie und Physiologie. Halle, Hemmerde & Schwetschke: 1-381. –Describes the thymus in a manatee fetus.

		Meckel, Johann Friedrich (detail)
		1825	System der vergleichenden Anatomie. 2. Theil. Halle, Renger: 1. Abt. (1824): x + 542; 2. Abt. (1825): x + 638.

		Medeiros, Aury Felix de (detail)
		1972	Couros e peles silvestres. Rio de Janeiro, ?publ. by the author: 1-40.

		Medem, F. (detail)
		1968	Caza - exterminación de nuestra fauna. Revista Pispesca (Bogotá) No. 17: 12-14.

Meduna, A. J.: SEE Osakwe et al., 1988. (detail)

		Medway, Lord (detail)
		1965	Mammals of Borneo: field keys and an annotated checklist. Jour. Malayan Branch, Roy. Asiatic Soc. 36(3)(203): xiv + 193. 5 tabs. Frontisp. 9 figs. 34 pls. 1 map. –Reports dugong specimens from Sandakan and Kotawaringin; discusses their local distribution and exploitation (154).

		Medway, William; Geraci, Joseph R. (detail)
		1986	Clinical pathology of marine mammals. In: M. F. Fowler (ed.), Zoo and wild animal medicine. 2nd. revised ed. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders (xxiv + 1127): 791-797. Illus.

x		Medway, William; Bruss, M. L.; Bengtson, John L.; Black, D. J. (detail)
		1982	Blood chemistry of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Jour. Wildl. Diseases 18(2): 229-234. 3 tabs. Apr. 1982. –Blood of 8 wild manatees from Blue Spring, Florida, and 2 captives was similar to samples analyzed by White et al. (1976), but with increased anion gaps, protein, and albumin/globulin ratios. Some values were probably affected by the animals' struggling. A narrow range of serum osmolality may reflect the Blue Spring population's freshwater habitat.

x		Medway, William; Dodds, W. Jean; Moynihan, Ann C.; Bonde, Robert K. (detail)
		1982	Blood coagulation of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Cornell Veter. 72(2): 120-127. 4 tabs. Apr. 1982. –Blood samples from 10 Florida manatees showed the presence of clotting factor XII; intrinsic system activities were much higher and extrinsic activities lower than those of the dog; and factor X activity was about the same as in the dog.

x		Medway, William; Rathbun, Galen B.; Black, D. J. (detail)
		1982	Hematology of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Veter. Clin. Pathol. 11(2): 11-15. 3 tabs. 1 fig. –Hemograms on blood of 10 Florida manatees showed that the red cells were large and fewer in number than in most land mammals; neutrophils and reticulocytes were absent; eosinophils were hard to distinguish from heterophils; large and small lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils were present; and the total numbers of white cells and platelets were comparable to those in common domestic mammals.

x		Meek, Charles Kingsley (detail)
		1931	A Sudanese kingdom: an ethnographical study of the Jukun-speaking peoples of Nigeria. London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.: xxxiv + 548. Numerous figs. 64 pls. 2 maps. –Lists clans having manatee taboos, and mentions a couple of manatee myths and superstitions (76-78); gives the formula for a virility charm made from a manatee penis (304).

Meelis, E.: SEE De Iongh et al., 1995. (detail)

		Meggers, Betty J. (detail)
		1971	Amazonia: man and culture in a counterfeit paradise. Chicago & New York, Aldine-Atherton: ix + 182. –Manatees, 25, 33-35, 127, 134, 154, 176.

x		Meggers, Betty J. (detail)
		1977	Estéril Amazônia. Veja No. 456: 48-49. 2 figs. June 1, 1977. –In Portuguese. A magazine interview in which she urges the raising of manatees in Amazonia as an alternative to cattle raising (49).

x		Meggers, Betty J.; Evans, Clifford (detail)
		1957	Archeological investigations at the mouth of the Amazon. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 167: xxviii + 664. 112 pls. –P. 570: {"According to La Barre (1666, p. 14), the Aracaret and Palicour hunted the manatee with a harpoon and traded their catch to the French, English, and Dutch."}

		Meinertz, Th. (detail)
		1956	Beitrag zur Kenntniss vom Bau des Magens beim Dugong. Gegenbaurs Morph. Jahrb. 97: 202-219. 12 figs.

		Meinertz, Th. (detail)
		1969	Eine vergleichende Untersuchung über die Säugetiere besonders im Hinblick auf die Nierentypen, das Nierenbecken und die Verzweigungen der grosseren Gefässe. Gegenbaurs Morph. Jahrb. 113(1): 78-146.

		Meirelles, A. C. O. de (detail)
		2008	Mortality of the Antillean manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Ceará State, north-eastern Brazil. Jour. Marine Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom 88: 1133-1137.

Meisner, René A.: SEE Bossart, Meisner et al., 2003; Falcón et al., 2003. (detail)

		Mekayev, Yu. A. (detail)
		2002	The faunogenesis and classification of mammals. St. Petersburg, Petrov's Acad. Scis. & Arts: 1-895.

	D	Mel'nikov, O. A.; Shustov, L. N. (detail)
		1969	O novoĭ nakhodke ostatkov kosteĭ drevnikh krupnykh pozvonochnykh na Sakhaline. [On a new finding of bone remains of ancient large vertebrates in Sakhalin.] Akad. Nauk SSSR, Sibirsk. Otd., Sakhalinsk. Kompleks. Nauch.-Issled. Inst., Trudy 21: 41-43. 3 figs.

		Melillo-Sweeting, Kelly; Reid, James P.; Gittens, Lester; Adimey, Nicole M.; Dillet, Jared Z. (detail)
		2011	Observations and relocation of a West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) off Bimini, The Bahamas. Aquatic Mammals 37(4):502-505. 1 fig. (DOI 10.1578/AM.37.4.2011.502) –Abstract: West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) are uncommon in the Bahamas, including in Bimini where only three sightings have been reported in the last century. The close proximity of the Bahamas to the United States necessitates cooperation on many issues, including the management of protected or listed marine mammals. An adult male manatee was observed and monitored from 28 November 2008 to 24 January 2009, enabling us to present details on this rare occurrence and the subsequent bi-national management of this errant individual. TBH-02 "Harold" (aka "Kodi") was radio tagged with an Argos-linked GPS tag and monitored for 41 days. Observations and photo documentation revealed the animal to be in good body condition. Despite five distinctive scar patterns, no match to previously photo-cataloged Florida or Bahamian manatees was possible. Frequent daily GPS tag location fixes were associated with local resources including foraging and resting areas within the North Bimini harbor, and periodic trips to seagrass beds and canals of South Bimini. Despite his frequent visits to specific sites, adequate freshwater sources for drinking could not be identified. His tolerance for human presence, multiple propeller markings, close proximity to peninsular Florida, and preliminary genetic analyses strongly suggested an association with the Florida subspecies Trichechus manatus latirostris. Based on evidence of a Florida origin, the rare occurrence of manatees in Bimini and an apparent absence of conspecifics and reliable natural fresh water, the Bahamas Department of Marine Resources and US Fish and Wildlife Service arranged capture and transport to Florida. The US Coast Guard, Miami Seaquarium and local volunteers conducted the capture and transport. Assessed to be in good health, after a brief rehabilitation, he was radio tagged and released in Crystal River, Florida. This process marks successful marine mammal stranding cooperation between individuals, private businesses and government agencies in two countries.

		Mellett, James S. (detail)
		1982	Body size, diet, and scaling factors in large carnivores and herbivores. Proc. North Amer. Pal. Conv. 3: 371-376.

		Mello-Leitão, Candido Firmino de (detail)
		1947	Zoogeografia do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Comp. Editôra Nac.: 1-649.

Mellors, J. E.: SEE Lee Long et al., 1993. (detail)

		Mellors, J.; Waycott, Michelle; Marsh, Helene D. (detail)
		2005	Variation in biogeochemical parameters across intertidal seagrass meadows in the central Great Barrier Reef region. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 51: 335-342.

Melo Carvalho, José Cândido de: SEE Carvalho, José Cândido de Melo. (detail)

		Melville, Herman (detail)
		1851	Moby-Dick; or, the whale. New York, Harper & Bros.: xxiii + 634. –A footnote to Chap. 32 ("Cetology") reads as follows: {"I am aware that down to the present time, the fish styled Lamatins [sic] and Dugongs (Pig-fish and Sow-fish of the Coffins of Nantucket) are included by many naturalists among the whales. But as these pig-fish are a nosy, contemptible set, mostly lurking in the mouths of rivers, and feeding on wet hay, and especially as they do not spout, I deny their credentials as whales; and have presented them with their passports to quit the Kingdom of Cetology."} But then, that is a Kingdom they never wished to enter in the first place!

x		Melville, Richard V. (detail)
		1985	Opinion 1320: Hydrodamalis Retzius, 1794 and Manatus inunguis Natterer in Pelzeln, 1883 (Mammalia, Sirenia): conserved. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 42(2): 175-176. June 1985. –Pursuant to the petitions of Domning (1981c), Hydrodamalis, (Manati) gigas, and (Manatus) inunguis are placed on the Official Lists of Names in Zoology, and Manati and (Manatus) exunguis are placed on the Official Indexes of Rejected and Invalid Names.

		Mendes, Amando (detail)
		1938	As pescarias amazonicas e a piscicultura no Brasil (notas e sugestões). São Paulo, Livr. Editora Record: 1-181. Pls. –Manatees, 21, 24-25, 34, 47-53, 75-81, 109-111, 173; pls. facing 30 & 46.

x		Mendes, Amando (detail)
		1948	Vamos criar o peixe-boi na represa de Santo Amaro? Chácaras e Quintais (São Paulo) 78(3): 325-327. 3 figs. Sept. 15, 1948. –Pop. acc. of hunting Amazonian manatees (called T. manatus) with harpoons and nets, and the use of their meat, oil, and hides. Repeats his earlier suggestion (Mendes, 1938) that manatees be raised commercially.

		Méndez, Eustorgio (detail)
		1970	Los principales mamíferos silvestres de Panamá. Panama, privately published: 1-283. Illus. –Manatees, 227-230.

Méndez-Matos, Irma: SEE Jiménez-Marrero et al., 1998. (detail)

x		Ménégaux, A. (detail)
		1918	Élevage possible des lamantins comme animaux de boucherie. C.R. Séanc. Acad. Agric. France 4(24): 698-705. Séance of July 3, 1918. –Summ.: Bull. Internatl. Inst. Agric., Rome? Abridged transl. in Beal (1939). Discusses the potential for raising manatees for meat and other products, especially in West Africa. Concludes with some comments by Jean Dybowski (704-705).

Menon, Gopinathan K.: SEE Elias et al., 1987. (detail)

x		Meredith, Robert W.; Gatesy, John; Murphy, William J.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Springer, Mark S. (detail)
		2009	Molecular decay of the tooth gene enamelin (ENAM) mirrors the loss of enamel in the fossil record of placental mammals. PLoS Genetics 5(9): 1-12. 6 figs. e1000634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000634 Sept. 4, 2009. –Includes Dugong dugon in cladogram (fig. 1, p. 3), showing that its enamelin gene is not degenerate (despite the vestigial state of its tooth enamel). Sirs. are not mentioned in the text.

Mergner, W.: SEE Kaiser et al., 1981. (detail)

Merill, E. D.: SEE Dickerson et al., 1928. (detail)

Merola, Donato: SEE Bianucci et al., 2001. (detail)

		Merolla Da Sorrento, Jerom (detail)
		1814	A voyage to Congo, and several other countries, chiefly in southern Africk. In: J. Pinkerton (ed.), A general collection of ... voyages and travels .... London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown and Cadell & Davies: Vol. 16: 195-316. –Transl. from Italian; repr. from Churchill's collection of voyages, vol. 1, p. 521ff. An account of a voyage made in 1682, including a story of manlike "sea-monsters" (210) and a somewhat more credible description of "water-monsters" said to live in a lake at the source of the river Zaire, as well as the "mermaid" which lives throughout the course of the Zaire (216-217). Both these latter possibly, and the "mermaid" certainly, are to be identified as manatees; the description of the "mermaid", being at least in part first-hand, is fairly accurate.

x	D	Merriam, John C. (detail)
		1906	On the occurrence of Desmostylus, Marsh. Science 24(605): 151-152. –Discusses earlier finds, and two new ones in San Luis Obispo and Orange Counties, California. Comments on the paleoecology of Desmostylus and concludes that it was aquatic and hence probably a sir. rather than a proboscidean.

x	D	Merriam, John C. (detail)
		1911	Notes on the genus Desmostylus Marsh. Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. California 6(18): 403-412. 11 figs. Nov. 1, 1911. –Summarizes the knowledge of Desmostylus to date; concludes that it is Miocene in age and a sir., though possibly of a new family. States (404) that the type locality of the genus is in Contra Costa County, California, not Alameda Co. as stated by Marsh (1888).

	D	Merriam, John C. (detail)
		1915	Tertiary vertebrate faunas of the North Coalinga region of California. A contribution to the study of palaeontologic correlation in the Great Basin and Pacific Coast provinces. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (2)22: 191-234. 49 figs. –Desmostylians, 196, 208.

x		Mertens, Robert (detail)
		1925	Verzeichnis der Säugetier-Typen des Senckenbergischen Museums. Senckenbergiana 7(1/2): 18-37. Feb. 12, 1925. –Lists Senckenberg Museum no. 1510, the skin and skeleton of a female dugong from Noura Is., Dahalak Archipelago, Red Sea, as the type specimen of Halicore tabernaculi Rüppell (30).

		Méry, Sophie; Charpentier, V.; Auxiette, G.; Pelle, E. (detail)
		2009	A dugong bone mound: the Neolithic ritual site on Akab in Umm al-Quwain, United Arab Emirates. Antiquity 83(321): 696-708. 1 tab. 5 figs. Sept. 2009.

		Meunier, Stanislas (detail)
		1903	Le rôle des êtres vivants dans la physiologie générale de la terre. Rev. Scient. (Paris) (4)20: 769-779. –Sirs., 772.

Meyer, Grant E.: SEE Raza et al., 1984. (detail)

		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1832	Palaeologica zur Geschichte der Erde und ihrer Geschöpfe. Frankfurt am Main, Siegmund Schmerber: xii + 560. –Allen 779. Extracts: Mag. Nat. Hist. (n.s.) 1: 281-293, 341-353, 1837? Manatus fossilis, 98; 410?

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1837	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Dec. 4, 1837.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 8: 674-677. –Gives the name Manatus Studeri (nomen nudum) to a skull fragment from the Molassen-Sandstein (Burdigalian, Lower Miocene) of Mäggenwyl bei Lenzburg, Canton Aargau, Switzerland (677).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1838	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Sept. 18, 1838.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1838: 667-669. –Allen 939. Considers Halicore Cuvieri de Christol, Hippopotamus medius and H. dubius Cuvier, and Manatus Studeri von Meyer to be synonymous, and proposes for them the new generic name Halianassa in the combination Halianassa Studeri (667).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1839a	Die fossilen Säugethiere, Reptilien und Vögel aus den Molasse-Gebilden der Schweitz. Neues. Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1839: 1-9. –Allen 968. ?Repr.: Verh. Schweiz. Ges. Natw. 23: 60-71, 1838? Lists Halianassa Studeri and "Ein noch nicht näher anzugebendes Genus" from Mäggenwyl, Canton Aargau, Switzerland (4).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1839b	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Dec. 1, 1838.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1839: 76-79. –Allen 967. Considers Pugmeodon Schinzii and Halytherium referable to Halianassa Studeri; mentions a single-rooted premolar like the holotype of Pugmeodon from the "Molasse von Lörrach", Germany (77).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1840a	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, June 26, 1840.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1840: 576-587. –Allen 1000. Mentions the acquisition of additional material of Halianassa (587).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1840b	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, July 23, 1840.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1840: 587-588. –Allen 1001. Considers Cheirotherium subapenninum Bruno synonymous with Halianassa von Meyer, Halitherium Kaup, and Halicore Cuvierii de Christol (587).

		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1842	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Nov. 23, 1841.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1842: 99-102. –Reports a humerus of Metaxytherium from Baltringen, Germany (101).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1843	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, July 20, 1843.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1843: 698-704. –Mentions skull fragments of "Halianassa" from Flonheim, Germany (702), and considers Halitherium Christoli Fitzinger likewise referable to Halianassa (704).

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1846	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Feb. 26, 1846.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1846: 327-328. –Synonymizes Pugmeodon Schinzi (= Manatus Schinzi) with his Halianassa Collinii (328). This was apparently the first use of the latter name, which was based on unspecified material from Flonheim, Germany.

x		Meyer, Hermann von (detail)
		1847	[Letter to H. G. Bronn, Jan. 4, 1847.] Neues Jahrb. Min. Geogn. Geol. Pet. 1847: 181-196. –Reports a Metaxytherium-like humerus from the "Molasse von Otmarsingen", Switzerland, and a parietal and scapula of Halianassa Collinii from Linz, Austria (189-190).

Michael, M. A.: SEE Waxell, S., 1962. (detail)

x		Michelson, R. C. (detail)
		1982	Tracking of the Florida manatee. ISA Trans. (Instrument Soc. Amer.) 21(1): 79-85. 5 figs. –Discusses the technical problems associated with automated remote tracking of manatees in the Banana R.-Indian R. area, and recommends a VHF time-of-arrival radiotracking system with time-segmented identification.

x		Micklich, Norbert; Hildebrandt, Ludwig H. (detail)
		2010	Emergency excavation in the Grube Unterfeld (Frauenweiler) clay pit ((Oligocene, Rupelian; Baden-Württemberg, S Germany): new records and palaeonvironmental information. Kaupia: Darmstädter Beitr. Naturgesch. 17: 3-21. 1 tab. 11 figs. Dec. 17, 2010. –German summ. Reports the recovery of a complete skeleton of cf. Halitherium schinzii (3, 13, 18, 19).

Micloucho-Maclay, N. de: SEE Miklouho-Maclay, N. de. (detail)

		Middendorf, Alexander Theodor von (detail)
		1847-75	Reise in den äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844. St. Petersburg (4 vols. in 5 + atlas): 1-841. –Sirs., 4(2): 841.

		Migeod, Frederick William Hugh (detail)
		1924	Through Nigeria to Lake Chad. London, Heath Cranton Ltd.: 1-330. 11 figs. 38 pls. 2 maps. –Sirs., 147, 167.

		Migeod, Frederick William Hugh (detail)
		1926	A view of Sierra Leone. London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, & Co. Ltd. –Repr.: New York, Negro Universities Press, 1970. Manatee in Lake Mabesi, 154.

Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.: SEE ALSO Falcón et al., 2003; Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998; Jiménez-Marrero et al., 1998; Montoya et al., 2001; Morales-V. et al., 2003; Williams et al., 2003. (detail)

		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. (detail)
		1990	Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico: urgent need for assessment and preventive action. Whalewatcher 24(1): 10-12.

		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. (detail)
		1998	Marine mammal captivity in the northeastern Caribbean, with notes on the rehabilitation of stranded whales, dolphins, and manatees. Carib. Jour. Sci. 34(3-4): 191-203. –Spanish summ.

x		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. (detail)
		2010	El manatí de Puerto Rico. San Juan, Red Caribeña de Varamientos & Univ. Interamericana de Puerto Rico: iv + 56. Illus. –Informative children's book, well illustrated with color photos, on the natural history and conservation of TM in Puerto Rico.

x		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Beck, Cathy A. (detail)
		1998	The diet of the manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Puerto Rico. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 394-397. 1 tab. Mar. 31, 1998. –Stomach contents of 8 manatees included mainly Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Syringodium filiforme, with small amounts of mangroves, algae, hydroids, and ascidians.

		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Beck, Cathy A.; Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.; Williams, Ernest H., Jr. (detail)
		1999	Parasites and commensals of the West Indian manatee from Puerto Rico. Jour. Helminth. Soc. Wash. 66(1): 67-69. Jan. 1999.

x		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.; Velasco-Escudero, Mario (detail)
		2003	Status of semi-captive manatees in Jamaica. Latin Amer. Jour. Aquat. Mamms. 2(1): 7-12. 3 figs. Jan./June 2003. –Spanish summ. Reports on the captivity of 4 female manatees in the Alligator Hole River, Jamaica, since 1981. As of June 2003, three of these were thought to still survive; their release and radiotracking is recommended.

		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.; Jiménez-Marrero, Nilda M.; Rodriguez-Lopez, Marta A.; Williams, Ernest H., Jr.; Bonde, Robert K. (detail)
		2000	Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico. Envir. Management 25(2): 189-198. Feb. 2000.

x		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Toyos-González, Gian M.; Pérez-Padilla, Janice; Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.; Williams, Ernest H., Jr. (detail)
		1997	First osteological collection of marine mammals for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Carib. Jour. Sci. 33(3-4): 288-292. 1 tab. –Lists 32 specimens of T. manatus from Puerto Rico cataloged in the University of Puerto Rico Biology Museum, Rio Piedras Campus, and in other museums.

		Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Williams, Ernest H., Jr.; Toyos-González, Gian M.; Pérez-Padilla, Janice; Rodríguez-López, Marta A.; Vega-Guerra, Monica B.; Ventura-González, Margarita (detail)
		1999	Helminths from a stranded manatee in the Dominican Republic. Veter. Parasitol. 81(1): 69-71. Feb. 1, 1999.

Mikhelson, Viktor M.: SEE Ozawa et al., 1997; Shoshani et al., 1981. (detail)

x		Miklouho-Maclay, N. de (= Micloucho-Maclay) (detail)
		1886	Note on the brain of Halicore australis. Owen. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 10(2): 193-196. Pl. 24. Read May 27, 1885. –Account of a dissection of the brain of a dugong from Mabiak, Torres Straits.

		Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Donaghay, P. L.; Miller, J. H.; Tyack, P. L.; Nystuen, J. A. (detail)
		2007	Noise level correlates with manatee use of foraging habitats. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 121(5): 3011-3020.

		Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Donaghay, P. L.; Miller, J. H.; Tyack, P. L.; Reynolds, John E., III (detail)
		2007	Simulated vessel approaches elicit differential responses from manatees. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 23(3): 629-649. 2 tabs. 6 figs. July 2007. –Errata for Fig. 2: Mar. Mamm. Sci. 23(4): 1001, Oct. 2007.

		Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Miller, J. H. (detail)
		2006	Transmission loss in manatee habitats. Jour. Acoustical Soc. Amer. 120: 2320-2327.

		Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Tyack, P. L. (detail)
		2009	Manatee (Trichechus manatus) vocalization usage in relation to environmental noise levels. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 125(3): 1806-1815.

		Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L.; Wagner, Tyler (detail)
		2011	Behavioral response of manatees to variations in environmental sound levels. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 27(1): 130-148. 3 tabs. 3 figs. Jan. 2011.

		Milani, A.; Vialli, M. (detail)
		1928	L'anatomia radiologica della mandibola nei mammiferi. Ric. Morfol. 8: 323-364. 16 figs.

Millán-Sánchez, Sandra L.: SEE Montoya et al., 2001. (detail)

Miller, Bruce W.: SEE Platt et al., 2000. (detail)

Miller, Carolyn M.: SEE Platt et al., 2000. (detail)

		Miller, D. L.; Dougherty, M. M.; Decker, Susan J.; Bossart, Gregory D. (detail)
		2001	Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa from a Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Anatomia Histologia Embryologia 30(4): 253-256. 4 figs. Aug. 2001.

x		Miller, David J.; Donovan, Stephen K. (detail)
		1996	Geomorphology, stratigraphy and palaeontology of Wait-A-Bit Cave, central Jamaica. Tertiary Research 17(1-2): 33-49. 4 figs. 4 pls. Nov. 1996. –Records the presence of indet. sir. ribs, "possibly Prorastomus sirenoides", in the Early Eoc. Stettin Member, Chapelton Formation, at Wait-A-Bit Cave, Trelawny Parish (38, 46).

		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr. (detail)
		1902	The mammals of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 24(1269): 752. –Mentions dugong bones found in a native hut in the Andaman Islands in 1859.

x		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr. (detail)
		1916	Bones of mammals from Indian sites in Cuba and Santo Domingo. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 66(12): 1-10. 1 pl. –Reports bones of Trichechus sp. collected from kitchen middens at San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo, by Theodoor de Booy (9).

x		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr. (detail)
		1918	Mammals and reptiles collected by Theodoor de Booy in the Virgin Islands. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 54(2244): 507-511. Pl. 81. Oct. 15, 1918. –Reports bones of T. manatus collected from a midden near the mouth of the Salt River, St. Croix, in 1917 (509).

		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr. (detail)
		1924	List of North American Recent mammals. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 128: xvi + 673. –Sirs., 503.

x		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr. (detail)
		1929	Mammals eaten by Indians, owls, and Spaniards in the coast region of the Dominican Republic. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 82(5)(3030): 1-16. Pls. 1-2. Dec. 11, 1929. –Records remains of T. manatus from three Indian village sites (11-12).

x		Miller, Gerrit Smith, Jr.; Kellogg, Remington (detail)
		1955	List of North American Recent mammals. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 205: xii + 954. –Gives the synonymies, type localities, and ranges of the subspecies of T. manatus (790-791).

x		Miller, Karl E.; Ackerman, Bruce B.; Lefebvre, Lynn W.; Clifton, Kari P. (detail)
		1999	An evaluation of strip-transect aerial survey methods for monitoring manatee populations in Florida. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 26(3): 561-570. 3 tabs. 3 figs. "Fall 1998"; publ. 1999. –Surveys of the Banana River, Florida, in 1993-94 were the first to use replicated strip-transect methods on manatees. Concludes that this protocol could detect a 5% annual rate of change in <4 years with power of 0.75 or more, and recommends that such surveys be used in the Banana River to corroborate other evidence of population trends on the east coast of Florida.

	D	Miller, Loye Holmes (detail)
		1915	The fauna of California. In: Z. S. Eldredge (ed.), History of California. New York, The Century History Co. (5 vols.): Vol. 5: 51-76. –Desmostylians, 72.

x		Miller, Ronald R. (detail)
		1981	The beach seiners of New Jersey. National Fisherman 61(13): 51-53. 6 figs. –P. 53: {"What they would find there [in "pounds" or funneled nets set ½-3 miles offshore at Long Beach Is., New Jersey] was always a surprise. There were the usual blues, stripers, weakfish, mackerel, sea bass, etc., in season, but sometimes they found huge shark, tuna, rays, sea turtles and even small manatees."}

Miller, Theophile H.: SEE Floyd et al., 1958. (detail)

x		Miller, W. D. (detail)
		1894	Caries der Thierzähne. Verh. Deutsch. Odont. Ges. 5: 15-24. 2 figs. Read Apr. 7, 1893. –Illustrates "caries" in T. senegalensis in microscopic section, with a drawing of their associated bacteria(!). The location of these "caries" on the tooth is not specified, but a number of teeth of one dry skull are said to have had them (15-18).

Miller, Walter; Miller, Jennie Emerson (translators): SEE Steller, G. W., 1899. (detail)

x		Miller, William A.; Sanson, Gordon D.; Odell, Daniel Keith (detail)
		1980	Molar progression in the manatee (Trichechus manatus). [Abstr.] Anat. Rec. 196(3): 128A. –Notes the presence of enlarged transseptal fibers connecting the teeth (as in kangaroos with molar progression), and suggests they play a role in manatee tooth replacement; assumes the motive force to be due to propalinal occlusion.

		Millett, Marcus W. (detail)
		1914	Jungle sport in Ceylon from elephant to snipe. London, Methuen & Co.: xv + 267. Illus.

Millsap, Brian A.: SEE Wood et al., 1992. (detail)

x		Milne, Lorus Johnson; Milne, Margery Joan Greene (detail)
		1982	A time to be born: an almanac of animal courtship and parenting. San Francisco, Sierra Club Books: 1-218. Illus. –Pop. acc. of breeding and care of young among Florida manatees (154-158, 1 fig.).

Milne, Margery Joan Greene: SEE Milne, Lorus Johnson (detail)

		Milne-Edwards, Alphonse (detail)
		1875	Nouveaux documents sur l'époque de la disparition de la faune ancienne de l'île Rodrigue. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) (6)2(4): 1-20. –Abstr.: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)15: 436-439.

		Milne-Edwards, Henri (detail)
		1834	Élémens de zoologie, ou leçons sur l'anatomie, la physiologie, la classification et les moeurs des animaux. Paris, Crochard: viii + 1066. Illus. –Allen 816. Issued in 4 parts, 1834-37. "Famille des Cétacés herbivores", 471-472.

Miloche, M.: SEE Giraud-Sauveur & Miloche, 1968. (detail)

Minato, M.: SEE ALSO Desmostylus Research Committee. (detail)

	D	Minato, M.; Matsui, Masaru; Ishii, J. (detail)
		1957	On the stratigraphical position of the Desmostylus tooth found in Tokachi Province, Hokkaido. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan 63(740): 308-316. –In Japanese; Engl. summ. The tooth is identified as Desmostylus cf. minor, possibly Oligocene in age.

x	D	Minch, John A.; Schulte, Kenneth C.; Hofman, George (detail)
		1970	A Middle Miocene age for the Rosarito Beach Formation in northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 81(10): 3149-3154. 2 figs. Oct. 1970. –Reports "Desmostylus sp." associated with a ?Hemingfordian camelid and a diverse warm marine fauna of Middle Miocene vertebrates and invertebrates. The age of the fauna is now considered to be Barstovian.

x	D	Minkoff, Eli A. (detail)
		1976	Mammalian superorders. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 58(2): 147-158. Mar. 1976. –Places the Sirenia and Desmostylia in the Superorders Paenungulata and Amblypoda, respectively; suggests that desmostylians were the amblypod equivalents of sirs. (151-154).

		Minnegal, Monica (detail)
		1984a	Dugong bones from Princess Charlotte Bay. Austral. Archaeology 18: 63-71.

x		Minnegal, Monica (detail)
		1984b	A note on butchering dugong at Princess Charlotte Bay. Austral. Archaeology No. 19: 15-20. 1 tab. Dec. 1984. –Describes the condition of bones of 3 dugongs found at an archeological site, and speculates on butchering techniques.

Minoshima, Ai: SEE Pirika Sirenia Research Group, 1992. (detail)

Miranda, Vicente Chermont de: SEE Chermont de Miranda, Vicente. (detail)

Mishima, Hiroyuki: SEE Kozawa et al., 1988, 1996. (detail)

Mishra, Vijay Prakash: SEE Sahni & Mishra, 1975. (detail)

x		Missimer, Thomas M.; Tobias, Amy E. (detail)
		2004	Geology and paleontology of a Caloosahatchee Formation deposit near Lehigh, Florida. Florida Scientist 67(1): 48-62. 8 figs. –Records "cf. Dugongidae" with a Blancan (Late Pliocene) vertebrate fauna at the base of a channel deposit incised into the Tamiami Formation (m62).

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr. (detail)
		1963	Contributions from the Los Angeles Museum-Channel Islands Biological Survey. 37. Brachydont desmostylian from Miocene of San Clemente Island, California. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 62(4): 192-201. 2 tabs. 1 fig. Oct.-Dec. 1963. –Reports teeth and bone fragments of Paleoparadoxia sp., compares them with other desmostylians, and reviews distribution records of the order. States that pachyostosis occurs in bones referred to Paleoparadoxia.

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr. (detail)
		1964	Pachyostosis in desmostylids. [Abstr.] Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper No. 76: 214. –Concludes that desmostylians are pachyostotic.

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr. (detail)
		1965	History of research at Sharktooth Hill, Kern County, California. Spec. Publ. Kern Co. Hist. Soc.: vi + 45. 14 figs. –Reports a tooth of Desmostylus hesperus from Sharktooth Hill (iii, 3, 7, 21, 26-29, 36).

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr. (detail)
		1966	Faunal succession of extinct North Pacific marine mammals. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 1966(3): 47-60. 19 figs. –Gen. acc. of desmostylians (50, 53, 56, 57, 59) and of North Pacific sirs. (56, 59, 60), with figs. of a Desmostylus tooth and humerus (56) and life restorations by Bonnie Dalzell of Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia (57), and Halianassa (59).

	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr. (detail)
		1978	Origins of eastern North Pacific sea mammal fauna. In: D. Haley (ed.), Marine mammals. Seattle, Pacific Search Press (256 pp.): 13-20. 9 figs.

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr.; Lipps, Jere H. (detail)
		1964	Miocene marine vertebrates from San Clemente Island, California. [Abstr.] Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper No. 76: 214-215. –Summarizes the fauna, which includes a "brachyodont desmostylid, and paenungulate aff. Desmostylia", and considers it comparable to the Sharktooth Hill fauna in age and paleoecology.

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr.; Lipps, Jere H. (detail)
		1965	Fossil collecting on San Clemente Island. Pacif. Discovery 18(3): 2-8. 19 figs. May-June 1965. –Includes a brief account of desmostylians, with photos of Paleoparadoxia bones from the island and of their collection, and a restoration of the animal by C.A. Repenning (4-6).

x	D	Mitchell, Edward D., Jr.; Repenning, Charles A. (detail)
		1963	The chronologic and geographic range of desmostylians. Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. No. 78: 3-20. 4 figs. Dec. 30, 1963. –Summarizes the records of Desmostylus, Paleoparadoxia, Cornwallius, Vanderhoofius, and other nominal genera of desmostylians, plus those of North Pacific sirs. Concludes that desmostylians lived in the North Pacific from the Late Oligocene to the end of the Miocene.

x		Mitchell, Janet (detail)
		1973	Determination of relative age in the dugong Dugong dugon Müller from a study of skulls and teeth. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 53(1): 1-23. 10 figs. Aug. 1973. –A study of skull, mandible, and dental variates in 41 northeastern Australian dugongs indicated the presence of three age classes, "juveniles", "adolescents", and "adults". Several of these features may reflect sexual dimorphism.

x		Mitchell, Janet (detail)
		1976	Age determination in the dugong, Dugong dugon (Müller). Biol. Conserv. 9(1): 25-28. 1 fig. Jan. 1976. –Summary of Mitchell (1978).

x		Mitchell, Janet (detail)
		1978	Incremental growth layers in the dentine of dugong incisors (Dugong dugon (Müller)) and their application to age determination. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 62: 317-348. 10 figs. 2 pls. Apr. 1978. –Concludes from a study of Australian dugong tusks that sexual maturity is reached at about 10 growth layers (= 5 or 10 years of age) and that the life span is just under either 30 or 60 years. Tooth succession in the upper jaw is correlated with number of growth layers in the tusks.

x		Mitchell, Janet (detail)
		1981	The coincidence between a distinct accessory groove in young dugong teeth and a tropical cyclone. Biol. Conserv. 20(2): 99-109. 1 tab. 3 figs. June 1981. –Analyzes the annual layers in the tusks of 4 young Queensland dugongs, discusses the formation and identification of neonatal lines and other types of layering, and shows that a growth disturbance coincided with a cyclone in January 1965.

x		Mitchell, P. Chalmers (detail)
		1905	On the intestinal tract of mammals. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 17(5): 437-536. 50 figs. Dec. 1905 (read June 6, 1905). –Describes the intestine and cecum of T. inunguis and compares them with those of other sirs., other mammals, and birds (464-465, 516, 523, 525, 530). Concludes that with regard to the intestinal tract, the Sirenia, Hyracoidea, and Proboscidea are linked only by shared primitive characteristics.

		Mitchell-Hedges, Frederick Albert (detail)
		1931	Land of wonder and fear. New York & London, Century Co.: xviii + 265. Illus. –Mentions Central American manatees.

x		Mitchill, Samuel Latham; Smith, J. A.; Cooper, William (detail)
		1828	Discovery of a fossil walrus in Virginia. Report of Messrs. Mitchill, J. A. Smith, and Cooper, on a fossil skull sent to Dr. Mitchill by Mr. Cropper of Accomac County, Virginia. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New-York 2: 271-272. Read Aug. 7, 1827. –Notice: Edinb. New Philos. Jour. 5: 325. Mentions "ribs and other parts ... supposed to be those of a species of Lamantin or Manati" found in the vicinity of the walrus locality (272).

Mitra, Harish Chandra: SEE Sahni & Mitra, 1980. (detail)

Mitra, S.: SEE Ramakrishna et al., 1999. (detail)

Mitra, S. K.: SEE Sarkar & Mitra, 1962. (detail)

		Mittermeier, Russell A. (detail)
		1972	The Amazon: monkeys, manatees ... and men. Not Man Apart 2(12): 10-11. 4 figs. Dec. 1972.

Miyahara, Hirokazu: SEE Uchida et al., 1999. (detail)

		Miyake, T.; McEachran, J. D.; Walton, P. J.; Hall, B. K. (detail)
		1992	Development and morphology of rostral cartilages in batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea), with comments on homology within vertebrates. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 46(3): 259-298. –Discusses formation of rostral cartilages in cetaceans and sirs.

Miyamoto, Michael M.: SEE ALSO Liu & Miyamoto, 1999. (detail)

x		Miyamoto, Michael M.; Goodman, Morris (detail)
		1986	Biomolecular systematics of eutherian mammals: phylogenetic patterns and classification. Syst. Zool. 35(2): 230-240. 2 tabs. 3 figs. June 1986. –Supports the grouping of the Sirenia (represented by T. inunguis) with the Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, and Tubulidentata in the Paenungulata, based on protein sequences; but concludes that paenungulates and ungulates are not closely related.

Miyazaki, Nobuyuki: SEE ALSO Nishiwaki et al., 1979. (detail)

n		Miyazaki, Nobuyuki; Itano, Kazuomi; Fukushima, Minoru; Kawai, Shin-ichiro (detail)
		1981	Contamination by mercury and organochlorine compounds in the muscle of the dugong on Celebes Island. [Abstr.] In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 175. –Abstr. of Miyazaki et al. (1979).

x		Miyazaki, Nobuyuki; Itano, Kazuomi; Fukushima, Minoru; Kawai, Shin-ichiro; Honda, Katsuhisa (detail)
		1979	Metals and organochlorine compounds in the muscle of dugong from Sulawesi Island. Sci. Rept. Whales Res. Inst. No. 31: 125-128. 3 tabs. –Abstr.: Miyazaki et al. (1981). Reports that metal and residue levels in two female dugongs were much lower than in carnivorous marine mammals.

Miyazaki, Shigeo: SEE ALSO Kobayashi et al., 1993, 1995. (detail)

		Miyazaki, Shigeo; Horikawa, Hideo; Aizu Fossil Research Group (detail)
		1988	[Skull of fossil sirenian from Takasato, Fukushima Prefecture.] In: Y. Hasegawa (ed.), [Study on fossil marine mammals from Japan. (Subject of study) Studies on biostratigraphy and paleontology of Cenozoic marine mammals.] Japan, Ministry of Education, Aid for Scientific Study, Synthetic Study A, Subject No. 61304010: 100-101. March 1988. –In Japanese.

Miyazawa, Yuzuru: SEE Hasegawa et al., 1995. (detail)

x		Möbius, K. (detail)
		1861	Die hornigen Kieferplatten des amerikanischen Manatus. Arch. Naturgesch. 27(1): 148-156. Pl. 7. –Describes the gross and microscopic anatomy of the rostral pads of a manatee from Belize, and gives measurements of the skull.

		Moeller, Heinz F. (detail)
		1996	Seekühe - aquatische Weidegänger. Manati (Nuremberg) 11(1): 4-11. 13 figs. June 1996. –Gen. acc. of Recent sirs.

		Mohadin, K. (detail)
		1993	Conservation of freshwater ecosystems in Suriname. Monographiae Biologicae 70: 275-284. Illus.

Mohan: SEE Lal Mohan. (detail)

		Mohr, Erna (detail)
		1923	Die Säugethiere der Südsee-Expedition der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung 1908-1909. Mitt. Zool. Staatsinst. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 40: 67-78. –Dentition of "Sirenia australis", 68.

x		Mohr, Erna (detail)
		1950	Ein Hautstück der Stellerschen Seekuh, Rhytina gigas Zimm. 1780. Zool. Anz. 145(7/8): 181-185. 6 figs. Sept. 1950. –Illustrates and discusses the Hamburg skin fragment of Hydrodamalis; also illustrates skulls of Dugong and Hydrodamalis in the Hamburg Museum. Reprints Zimmermann's (1780) description of Manati gigas (184).

		Mohr, Erna (detail)
		1957	Sirenen oder Seekühe. Wittenberg-Lutherstadt, A. Ziemsen Verlag (Die neue Brehm-Bücherei, No. 197): 1-61. Illus.

x		Mok, Wai-yin; Best, Robin Christopher (detail)
		1979	Saprophytic colonization of a hyphomycete on the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis (Mammalia; Sirenia). Aquatic Mammals 7(3): 79-82. 4 figs. –Reports a skin fungus resembling Cercospora in captive and wild T. inunguis calves.

Moka, Willem: SEE Erftemeijer et al., 1993. (detail)

		Molnár, Gábor (detail)
		1970?	Aventuras na mata amazônica. São Paulo, Livros Irradiantes S.A.: 1-198. –Transl. of the author's Kalandok a braziliai öserdöben, 1940. Manatee, 93-97.

x		Molnar, Ralph E. (detail)
		1982	A longirostrine crocodilian from Murua (Woodlark), Solomon Sea. Mem. Queensland Mus. 20(3): 675-685. 3 figs. Pls. 1-2. –Describes material from Papua New Guinea associated with the type specimen of Halicore brevirostre [sic] De Vis, 1905, and considers the fauna Pleistocene in age (676, 679). Also notes Etheridge's (1900) report of fossil vertebrae of Halicore dugong from Murua (680).

x		Moloney, C. A. (detail)
		1883	International Fisheries Exhibition, London, 1883.... On West African fisheries, with particular reference to the Gold Coast colony. London, Wm. Clowes & Sons, Ltd.: 1-79. Read Oct. 24, 1883. –Describes a manatee trap and its use, mentions vernacular names and seasonal movements of manatees in the Gold Coast, and gives measurements of one that was caught in a drift-seine near Lagos (27-29).

		Monard, A. (detail)
		1938	Résultats de la mission scientifique du Dr. Monard en Guinée Portugaise. 1937-1938. II. Ongulés. Arq. Mus. Bocage (Lisbon) 9: 150-196. 9 figs.

		Moncharmont Zei, Maria; Moncharmont, Ugo (detail)
		1987	Il Metaxytherium medium (Desmarest) 1822 (Sirenia, Mammalia) delle arenarie tortoniane (Miocene sup.) di S. Domenica di Ricardi (Catanzaro, Italia). Mem. Sci. Geol. (Univ. Padova) 39: 285-341. 2 tabs. 3 figs. 14 pls. Dec. 1987. –Describes a Late Miocene skeleton of M. medium. Also includes a detailed catalog of Eocene-to-Pliocene sirenian remains known from Italy (306-310).

x		Mondolfi, Edgardo (detail)
		1974	Taxonomy, distribution and status of the manatee in Venezuela. Mem. Soc. Cient. Nat. La Salle 34(97): 5-23. 11 figs. Jan.-Apr. 1974. –Spanish summ. Reports on the examination of 3 specimens, and concludes that only T. manatus and not T. inunguis occurs in the lower Orinoco River. Discusses the movements, feeding, hunting, economic uses, and conservation problems of manatees in Venezuela.

		Mondolfi, Edgardo (detail)
		1995	Plan de acción para la investigación y protección de poblaciones de manatí (Trichechus manatus) en Venezuela. Caracas, Simp. Intl. sobre Delfines y otros Mamíferos Acuáticos de Venezuela, Memorias: 97-108.

		Monod, Théodore (detail)
		1925	Notes sur le dugong de Madagascar. Revue Gen. Sci. No. 6: 163. Mar. 30, 1925.

		Monod, Théodore (detail)
		1928	L'industrie des pêches au Cameroun. Paris, Soc. d'Éditions Géographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales: 1-504. Illus.

x		Monroe, Watson Hiner (detail)
		1980	Geology of the Middle Tertiary formations of Puerto Rico. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 953: iv + 93. 8 tabs. 50 figs. 1 pl. –Reports sir. rib fragments from the upper member of the Cibao Formation (Early Miocene) near Corozal (38), and from the Ponce Limestone (Miocene) near Ponce, Puerto Rico (78).

		Montanus, Arnoldus (detail)
		1673	Die unbekante Neue Welt, oder Beschreibung des Welt-Teils Amerika, und des Sud-Landes: darinnen vom Uhrsprunge der Ameriker und Sudländer, und von den gedenckwürdigen Reysen der Europer darnach zu. Wie auch von derselben festen Ländern, Jnseln, Städten, Festungen, Dörfern, vornähmsten Gebeuen, Bergen, Brunnen, Flüssen, und Ahrten der Tiere, Beume, Stauden, und anderer fremden Gewächse; als auch von den Gottes- und Götzendiensten, Sitten, Sprachen, Kleider-trachten, wunderlichen Begäbnissen und so wohl alten als neuen Kriegen, ausführlich gehandelt wird; durch und durch mit vielen nach dem Leben in Ameriken selbst entworfenen Abbildungen gezieret. Amsterdam, J. von Meurs: 658 + 11. Illus. –Transl. by Olfert Dapper of a Dutch ed., 1671. Sirs., 219. See also J. Ogilby (1671).

Monteiro, H.: SEE Silva et al., 1999. (detail)

		Monteiro, Joachim John (detail)
		1875	Angola and the River Congo. London, Macmillan & Co. (2 vols.): Vol. 2: iv + 340. –Sirs., 17.

		Montenegro-Paredes, Maureen Irina (detail)
		1994	Distribucion espacial de la vaca marina Trichechus inunguis (Mammalia: Sirenia) en el Rio Amazonas, Trapecio Amazonico. Trianea 5: 323-334. Illus. Sept. 30, 1994.

Montgomery, G. Gene: SEE ALSO Best et al., 1981; Muizon & Domning, 1985; Schad et al., 1981. (detail)

x		Montgomery, G. Gene; Best, Robin Christopher; Yamakoshi, Megumi (detail)
		1981	A radio-tracking study of the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis (Mammalia: Sirenia). Biotropica 13(2): 81-85. 1 tab. 1 fig. June 1981. –Describes the freeze-branding and radiotagging of a juvenile manatee, its release in a lake near the Rio Solimões, Brazil, and its movements and habitat use during 20 days of radiotracking. Concludes that radiotracking is a practical means of studying manatee ecology in the Amazon Basin. Includes a list of plants thought to be eaten by manatees in the study area. For a slightly expanded Portuguese version of this paper, with illustrations of the tagging equipment, see Best, Montgomery & Yamakoshi (1981).

x		Montgomery, G. Gene; Gale, N. B.; Murdoch, W. P., Jr. (detail)
		1982	Have manatee entered the eastern Pacific Ocean? Mammalia 46(2): 257-258. 1 fig. –Reports that T. manatus, originally introduced into the Panama Canal in 1963 (see MacLaren, 1967), have increased in numbers to about 25 and have been seen in Miraflores Lake, only one lock away from the Pacific; hence if they have not entered the Pacific yet, they soon could.

		Montgomery, Sy (detail)
		2000	Journey of the pink dolphins: an Amazon quest. New York, Simon & Schuster: 1-317. Illus. –The story of an American nature writer's four trips to different parts of the Amazon region to commune with river dolphins. Includes anecdotes of manatees and manatee researchers she met along the way (122, 159, 205, 216, 222, 224, 232-234, 236, 238-239, 241, 244, 249).

		Monti, D. J.; Wollrab, T. I. (detail)
		1999	AVMA hosts a whale of a welfare forum. Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 214(1): 10-14. Jan. 1, 1999.

		Montoya, Plinio (detail)
		1997	Los yacimientos con mamíferos Neógenos de la comunidad Valenciana. Cidaris (Revista Ilicitana de Paleontología y Mineralogía) Nos. 11-12: 24-47. Illus. Jan.-July 1997. –Fossil sirs. of Alicante, Spain, 40-41, 1 fig.

Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.: SEE ALSO Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998; Jiménez-Marrero et al., 1998; Mignucci et al., 1997, 2000, 2003; Mignucci, Beck et al., 1999. (detail)

		Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A.; Caicedo-Herrera, Dalila; Millán-Sánchez, Sandra L.; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Lefebvre, Lynn W. (detail)
		2001	Status and distribution of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Colombia. Biol. Conserv. 102(1): 117-129. 1 tab. 5 figs.

		Moore, D. P.; Tippett, F. E.; Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Williams, Ernest H., Jr.; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Montoya-Ospina, Ruby A. (detail)
		2008	Cardiac failure of an Antillean manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Puerto Rico. Jour. Trop. Biol. 56 (Suppl. 1): 277-283.

		Moore, David R. (detail)
		1971	The traditional culture and prehistory of Cape York, North Queensland. Sydney: 1-10. –Mentions dugong hunting and the construction of mounds of dugong and turtle bones on high points as lookouts for the animals.

		Moore, David R. (detail)
		1979	Islanders and Aborigines at Cape York: an ethnographic reconstruction based on the 1848-1850 'Rattlesnake' journals of O. W. Brierly and information he obtained from Barbara Thompson. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS New Ser. No. 3): xii + 340. Frontisp. 11 figs. 15 pls. 5 maps.

Moore, John F.: SEE O'Shea et al., 1984. (detail)

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1946	Mammals from Welaka, Putnam County, Florida. Jour. Mamm. 27(1): 49-59. "Feb. 1946" (mailed Mar. 14, 1946). –Reports sightings of manatees in the St. Johns River, including an observation of possible mating behavior (58).

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1951a	The range of the Florida manatee. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. 14(1): 1-19. 1 tab. 1 fig. "Mar. 1951" (mailed Aug. 8, 1951). –Presents data from interviews and sightings, showing that manatee winter range in Florida lies south of the Sebastian River (east coast) and Charlotte Harbor (west coast); that many manatees migrate north in summer but seldom leave Florida; and that they use springs as natural warm-water refuges. Discusses the osteological basis for distinguishing Trichechus m. manatus and T. m. latirostris, concludes that Texan manatees represent the former, and suggests that the northern Gulf Coast acts as a barrier separating the two subspecies.

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1951b	The status of the manatee in the Everglades National Park, with notes on its natural history. Jour. Mamm. 32(1): 22-36. 2 tabs. 1 fig. Feb. 15, 1951. –Includes notes on habitat, reproduction, respiration, behavior, body size and measurements, intelligence, food, and effects of cold. Gives further details of the captive birth recorded by Barbour, 1937 (26).

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1953	Distribution of marine mammals to Florida waters. Amer. Midland Naturalist 49(1): 117-158. 19 figs. Jan. 1953. –Reports (for the first time?) aggregations of manatees during cold snaps (120-121, 156); records sightings of calves in all months except December (121-122). Manatees also mentioned in key to marine mammals, 153.

		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1954	Want to see a Florida manatee? Animal Kingdom 54 [or 57?] (1): 11-13. 1 fig. Jan. 1954.

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1956	Observations of manatees in aggregations. Amer. Mus. Novit. No. 1811: 1-24. 5 figs. Dec. 23, 1956. –Reports the first detailed observations of wild manatees, based on studies of the population in the Miami River, Florida, 1949-55, using scars from boat collisions and other naturally-occurring marks to identify individuals. Includes some records of numbers of manatees observed, observations on relationship of aggregations to temperature, attendance records of manatees at aggregations, and behavioral observations regarding play, greeting, courtship, reproduction, behavior of young, suckling posture, and locomotion.

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1957	Newborn young of a captive manatee. Jour. Mamm. 38(1): 137-138. Feb. 25, 1957. –Reports on a Florida manatee calf born in 1955 at Ojus, Florida, and compares its behavior to observations in earlier reports.

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1961	Sailors' siren. Nat. Hist. (New York) 70(1): 54-55. 2 figs. Jan. 1961. –Pop. acc. of dugongs, with two photos of African specimens in captivity at Mombasa, Kenya.

x		Moore, Joseph Curtis (detail)
		1964	A mysterious encounter. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus. Bull. 35(11): 7-8. 1 fig. + cover photo. Nov. 1964. –Pop. acc. of observations of a manatee with its tail badly mangled by a boat propeller, and other scarred individuals, in the Miami River, Florida.

		Moore, R. J.; Balzarotti, M. A. (detail)
		1976	Report of 1976 expedition to the Suakin Archipelago (Sudan). Privately published.

		Moore, S. S.; Hale, P.; Byrne, K. (detail)
		1998	NCAM: a polymorphic microsatellite locus conserved across eutherian mammal species. Animal Genetics 29(1): 33-36. Feb. 1998.

x		Moore, W. Robert (detail)
		1936	Beyond Australia's cities. Natl. Geogr. Mag. 70(6): 709-747. Illus. Dec. 1936. –Photograph of a captured Queensland dugong (746); the caption comments on local economic uses of the animal.

x		Moraes, Raymundo (detail)
		1931	O meu diccionario de cousas da Amazonia. Vol. 2. Rio de Janeiro, Abba: 1-206. –Includes a note on the manufacture of mixira (fried meat preserved in manatee fat) in the Brazilian Amazon (67).

x		Moraes, Raymundo (detail)
		1939a	Na planície amazônica. Ed. 5. São Paulo, Cia. Editora Nacional (Bibliotheca Pedagogica Brasileira, Série 5, Vol. 63): xx + 227. –Ed. 6: Rio de Janeiro, Conquista, 1968. Notes the export of manatee meat from Gurupá, Brazil, in the 17th century, and the former occurrence of manatees south of Marajó and in the lower Rio Tocantins (91-92).

		Moraes, Raymundo (= Morais, Raimundo) (detail)
		1939b	O homem do Pacoval. São Paulo, Cia. Melhoramentos de São Paulo: 1-297. –Manatee, 190-193.

x		Morais Rêgo, Aurora Ramos de (detail)
		1944	O peixe-boi. Rev. Mus. Nac. (Rio de Janeiro) 1(2): 10-12. 2 figs. Dec. 1944. –Pop. acc. of Amazonian manatees, including information on their natural history (inaccurate), economic use, and hunting, with a photo of hunters using a barricade of stakes. Recommends the commercial raising of manatees.

	D	Morales, J. (detail)
		1990	Sirenios, Desmostilios y Tubulidentados. In: B. Meléndez (ed.), Tratado de Paleontologia 3(2). Madrid, Editorial Parainfo: 355-380.

x		Morales, Patricia (detail)
		1986	The life and death of an Amazon manatee. Proc. Internatl. Assoc. Aquatic Animal Medicine (17th Annual Conference, Biloxi, Mississippi) 1(3): 43-48. 2 tabs. May 1986. –Describes the captive medical care, diet, and necropsy findings in "Butterball", the T. inunguis which lived at San Francisco's Steinhart Aquarium, 1967-84. In addition to skin and bone damage from a harpoon wound and skin lesions possibly due to nutritional deficiencies, the main findings were pyogranulomatous pneumonia, cirrhosis, testicular necrosis, and other effects of infection by Mycobacterium marinum. Cause of death was cardiac failure associated with the pneumonia.

x		Morales, Patricia; Madin, Stewart H.; Hunter, Aline (detail)
		1985	Systemic Mycobacterium marinum infection in an Amazon manatee. Jour. Amer. Veter. Med. Assoc. 187(11): 1230-1231. Dec. 1, 1985. –An abbreviated version of Morales (1986). Describes the illness, death, and necropsy of the Steinhart Aquarium's manatee.

		Morales-Serna, F. Neptali; Gomez, Samuel; De Leon, Gerado Perez-Ponce (detail)
		2012	Parasitic copepods reported from Mexico. Zootaxa 3234: 43-68. March 14, 2012. –ABSTRACT: One hundred and forty identified and 26 unidentified species of copepods reported from 120 fish species, two turtle species, one manatee species, four crab species, four mollusk species, two polychaete species, four ascidian species, and 21 from plankton samples from Mexico are listed. The list contains information about the site of infection, host habitat, localities and references. In addition, a host-parasite list is also provided. Most reports (97%) are from marine or brackish habitats infecting fish hosts (71% of all reports). This information shows that knowledge about the biodiversity of parasitic copepods in Mexico is in its infancy.

Morales-Vela, Benjamín: SEE ALSO Axis-Arroyo et al., 1998; Garcia-Rodriguez et al., 1998. (detail)

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Olivera-Gómez, León David (detail)
		1991	Mamíferos acuáticos. In: T. Camarena-Luhrs & S. Salazar-Vallejo (eds.), Estudios ecológicos preliminares de la zona sur de Quintana Roo. Chetumal (Mexico), Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo: 172-185. Figs. 27-29. Sept. 1991.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Olivera-Gómez, León David (detail)
		1992	De sirenas a manatíes. Chetumal (Mexico), Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo (Cuaderno de Divulgación 4): 1-30. 17 figs. Nov. 1992.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Olivera-Gómez, León David (detail)
		1997	Distribución del manatí (Trichechus manatus) en la costa norte y centro-norte del Estado de Quintana Roo, México. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Ser. Zool. 68(1): 153-164. 1 tab. 3 figs. –Engl. summ.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Olivera-Gómez, León David (detail)
		1994	Distribución espacial y estimación poblacional de los manatíes en la Bahia de Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México. Revista de Investigación Científica 2 (Número Especial SOMEMMA 1): 27-34.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Olivera-Gómez, León David; Reynolds, John E., III; Rathbun, Galen B. (detail)
		2000	Distribution and habitat use by manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Belize and Chetumal Bay, Mexico. Biol. Conserv. 95(1): 67-75. 3 tabs. 3 figs. "Aug. 2000" (publ. July 2000).

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Padilla-Saldívar, Janneth A. (detail)
		2001	Los manatíes en Quintana Roo. Ecofronteras. Gaceta ECOSUR 14: 7-9.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Padilla-Saldívar, Janneth A.; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A. (detail)
		2003	Status of the manatee (Trichechus manatus) along the northern and western coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula, México. Carib. Jour. Sci. 39(1): 42-49. 2 tabs. 1 fig.

		Morales-Vela, Benjamín; Suarez-Morales, E.; Padilla-Saldivar, Janneth A.; Heard, R. W. (detail)
		2008	The tanaid Hexapleomera robusta (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Caribbean manatee, with comments on other crustacean epibionts. Jour. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 88(3): 591-596.

		Moreau, Laurent J. (detail)
		1900	L'extinction des espèces animaux. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 25: 109-117. –Sirs., 109.

Moreira, G. R. S.: SEE Colares et al., 1987. (detail)

Morel, G.: SEE Bourlière et al., 1976. (detail)

Morera, Ramón Jordana Y: SEE Jordana y Morera, Ramón. (detail)

x		Morgan, Gary S.; Portell, Roger W. (detail)
		1996	The Tucker Borrow Pit: paleontology and stratigraphy of a Plio-Pleistocene fossil site in Brevard County, Florida. Papers in Florida Paleontology No. 7: 1-24. 2 tabs. 7 figs. April 1996. –Mentions indeterminate sir. remains, probably reworked from the Late Pliocene Nashua Formation (m11).

Morgan, Gary Scott: SEE ALSO Domning, Morgan & Ray, 1982; Hulbert & Morgan, 1989; Hulbert et al., 2001. (detail)

x		Morgan, Gary Scott (detail)
		1989	Miocene vertebrate faunas from the Suwannee River basin of north Florida and south Georgia. In: G. S. Morgan (ed.), Miocene paleontology and stratigraphy of the Suwannee River basin of north Florida and south Georgia. Southeastern Geol. Soc. Guidebook No. 30: 26-53. 2 tabs. 3 figs. Oct. 7, 1989. –Describes the stratigraphic context, associated faunas, age, and paleoecology of specimens of Halitherium olseni, Dioplotherium manigaulti, and Metaxytherium sp. from the Suwannee River basin. See also Domning (1989b).

	D	Morgan, Gary Scott (detail)
		1994	Miocene and Pliocene marine mammal faunas from the Bone Valley Formation of central Florida. In: A. Berta & T. A. Deméré (eds.), Contributions in marine mammal paleontology honoring Frank C. Whitmore, Jr. Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 29: 239-268. 2 tabs. 13 figs. May 1, 1994. –Revs.: S. A. McLeod, Jour. Vert. Pal. 16(1): 183-185, Mar. 19, 1996; J. E. Heyning, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 12(2): 326-329, "Apr. 1996" (publ. Mar. 29, 1996). Reviews the occurrences of Neogene sirs. throughout Florida, and debunks the report of Desmostylus in the state.

x		Morgan, Gary Scott; Pratt, Ann E. (detail)
		1983	Recent discoveries of Late Tertiary marine mammals in Florida. The Plaster Jacket (Florida State Museum) No. 43: 4-30. 15 figs. Sept. 1983. –Updated account of sirs.: Hulbert et al. (2001). Describes the discovery of an Early Miocene Metaxytherium skeleton in the Suwannee River in June 1982 (4, 16-23), and other discoveries of sir. fossils (24-25).

		Morgan, Lee W.; Musick, John A.; Potter, Charles W. (detail)
		2002	Temporal and geographic occurrences of cetacean strandings and manatee sightings in Virginia, with notes on adverse human-cetacean interactions, from 1983-1989. Jour. North Carolina Acad. Sci. 118(1): 12-26. –Records 5 confirmed manatee sightings.

Morgan, Margaret A.: SEE ALSO Kadel, Morgan & Patton, 1991. (detail)

		Morgan, Margaret A.; Patton, Geoffrey W. (detail)
		1990	Aerial studies of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) on the west coast of Florida. Mote Mar. Lab. Tech. Rept. No. 167: iv + 21 + [53]. 2 tabs. 23 figs. Mar. 28, 1990.

Morgan, Una: SEE Fayer et al., 2000. (detail)

		Morgan, Una M.; Xiao, Lihua; Hill, Bruce D.; O'Donoghue, Peter; Limor, Josef; Lal, Altaf; Thompson, R. C. Andrew (detail)
		2000	Detection of the Cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype in a dugong (Dugong dugon). Jour. Parasitol. 86(6): 1352-1354. 2 figs. Dec. 28, 2000.

		Morgan-Ryan, Una M.; Fall, Abbie; Ward, Lucy A.; Hijjawi, Nawal; Sulaiman, Irshad; Fayer, Ronald; Thompson, R. C. Andrew; Olson, M.; Lal, Altaf; Xiao, Lihua (detail)
		2002	Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens. Jour. Eukaryotic Microbiol. 49(6): 433-440. Nov.-Dec. 2002.

Mori, G.: SEE Fujii & Mori, 1964. (detail)

Mori, Takuya: SEE Asano et al., 1978; Kataoka et al., 1995. (detail)

		Moriceau (detail)
		1902	Pêche de dugongs d'Ambanja. Revue Madagascar (Paris) 1902: 538-539.

x		Morison, Samuel Eliot (detail)
		1942	Admiral of the Ocean Sea: a life of Christopher Columbus. Boston, Little, Brown & Co.: xx + 680. Illus. Feb. 1942. –Also publ. simultaneously in a 2-vol. ed. that includes notes and other material (vol. 1: xlv + 448; vol. 2: vii + 445). Describes Columbus' sighting of "mermaids" off the coast of Haiti on his first voyage in 1493 (309-310); describes the use of remoras to catch manatees and turtles on the southern coast of Cuba in 1494 (457); states that "swarms of manatee are attracted to quench their thirst" at freshwater springs in the Gulf of Cochinos, Cuba, visited in 1494 (459); and mentions a manatee caught in 1502 at Azua, Dominican Republic, "which Ferdinand [Columbus] was clever enough to identify as a mammal, not a fish" (592). The description of a "sea monster" seen near Hispaniola in 1494 (478) may also refer to a manatee. In the 2-vol. ed. the identical statements are found on the following pages, respectively: 1: 397-398; 2: 131, 134, 327, 158. The above information on Columbus's voyages is based on Columbus's own journal of the first voyage (which survives only in the form of an abstract and paraphrase by Bartolomé de Las Casas and which has appeared in various editions and translations) and on other documents, many of which Morison published in new translations in 1963 (q.v.).

		Morison, Samuel Eliot (detail)
		1963	Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus. New York, Limited Editions Club: xv + 417. Illus. –Includes new transls. of, among other documents: the Diario, the Las Casas abstract of Columbus's journal of the first voyage, 1492-93 (41-179); Syllacio's letter to the Duke of Milan describing the second voyage, 1493-96 (229-245); and Ferdinand Columbus's account of the fourth voyage, 1502-04 (321-370). Manatees, 84, 148, 243, 245, 325, 328. P. 84: "He [Columbus] ... says that they must have cows in it [Cuba] and other cattle, for he saw skulls which appeared to be those of cows." Las Casas suggested that these were manatees. P. 148: "The day before, when the Admiral went to the Rio del Oro [on the north coast of the Dominican Republic] he said that he saw three mermaids who rose very high from the sea, but they were not as beautiful as they are painted, although to some extent they have a human appearance in the face. He said that he had seen some in Guinea on the coast of Malagueta." This latter observation, made on the Grain Coast (Liberia) probably between 1482 and 1484 (Morison, 1942: 42), may well have been the earliest recorded European observation of an African or any other manatee. P. 243: "Huge fish as large as cattle are caught here [near Isabela, on the north coast of the Dominican Republic]; they are eaten avidly (after their legs have been removed) and have the taste of veal." A note on p. 245 presumes these to have been manatees. P. 325 (chap. 89 of Ferdinand Columbus's Historie): "The other fish was taken [near Azua, Dominican Republic] through another device; the Indians call it the manati, and there are none of that kind in Europe. It is as big as a calf, resembling one both in color and flavor, except that perhaps it is somewhat better and fatter. Therefore, those who declare that there are in the sea all sorts of creatures which live on land, say that these fishes are real calves, since inside they are nothing like a fish, and feed only on the grass they find along shore." Ferdinand accordingly deserves credit for realizing that the manatee is a mammal.

Morissette, Nina M.: SEE Corkeron et al., 1997. (detail)

Morita, M.: SEE Edmonds et al., 1997. (detail)

Mornand, J.: SEE Ginsburg et al., 1979. (detail)

Moroto, Yasuhiro: SEE Pirika Sirenia Research Group, 1992. (detail)

		Morris, J. K.; Jacobson, S. K.; Flamm, Richard O. (detail)
		2007	Lessons from an evaluation of a boater outreach program for manatee protection. Envir. Management 40(4): 596-602.

Morris, John G.: SEE Curran & Morris, 1988; Silverberg & Morris, 1988; Steel & Morris, 1982. (detail)

		Morris, William J. (detail)
		1983	A paleontologic reconnaissance of Baja California, Mexico, 1974. Natl. Geogr. Soc. Res. Rept. 15: 157-174. Illus.

Morrison-Scott, T. C. S.: SEE Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ellerman et al., 1953. (detail)

Morrissey, Janice: SEE Channells & Morrissey, 1981; Marsh et al., 1979, 1982. (detail)

x		Morse, Douglass H. (detail)
		1975	Ecological aspects of adaptive radiation in birds. Biol. Rev. 50: 167-214. –Suggests that manatees and turtles in tropical waters are "at least a fortuitous ecological replacement" of herbivorous aquatic birds in temperate regions (173).

		Mortensen, Th. (detail)
		1933a	On the "manatee" of St. Helena. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Forening (Copenhagen) 97: 1-9. 2 figs.

x		Mortensen, Th. (detail)
		1933b	On the "solitaire" of the island of Rodriguez. Ardea 22(1-2): 21-29. 4 figs. 2 pls. July 1933. –Concludes (23-26) that Leguat's Voyages et avantures was based on actual experiences, though embellished with fictitious additions, including the account of sea cows at Rodriguez. Reproduces Leguat's illustration of a quadrupedal "Vache Marine" (fig. 3).

x		Mortensen, Th. (detail)
		1934a	The "manatee" of St. Helena. Nature (London) 133: 417. Mar. 17, 1934. –Quotes Dampier's (1703-05) observations to demonstrate that the "manatee" was actually a sea lion (Arctocephalus).

x		Mortensen, Th. (detail)
		1934b	On François Leguat and his "Voyage et Avantures", with remarks on the dugong of Rodriguez and on Leguatia gigantea Schlegel. Ardea 23(1-2): 67-77. 3 figs. June 1934. –Concludes (71-72, 76) that Leguat's account is not fictitious and that its zoological data were based on actual observations, probably including observations of the dugong. Reproduces Leguat's illustration of a "Lamentin" (fig. 1).

x		Morton, B. S. (detail)
		1974	Is it a dugong or a porpoise? Malayan Nature Jour. 27(3-4): 172. June 1974. –Suggests that the animal seen in Johore Strait by Bland (1970) was Neophocaena, not Dugong.

		Morton, Brian (detail)
		2001	China's dugongs. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42(6): 419-420. June 2001.

Mosbach, E. H.: SEE Kuroki et al., 1988. (detail)

		Moses, S. T. (detail)
		1942	The fisheries of the Gujarat coast. Jour. Gujarat Res. Soc. 4(2): 61-82. –Dugong, 75.

		Mosgovoy, A. A. (detail)
		1950	[Ascaridata of animals.] Trudy Helmintol. Lab. Akad. Nauk SSSR 4: 263-269. –In Russian. Refers Typhlophorus hagenbecki to Plicatolabia.

x		Mossman, H. W. (detail)
		1987	Vertebrate fetal membranes. New Brunswick (New Jersey), Rutgers Univ. Press. –Gen. acc. of dugong and manatee fetal membranes, based on previous literature (267-270).

		Mossman, H. W.; Duke, K. L. (detail)
		1973	Comparative morphology of the mammalian ovary. Madison, Univ. Wisconsin Press: 1-461. –Describes a mutilated ovary of T. inunguis (381).

Motolinía: SEE Benavente, T. de, 1903. (detail)

		Mottl, Mária von (= Győrffy-Mottl, Maria) (detail)
		1944	Egy új trichechoid sirena-lelet Üröm felső eocénjéből. (Ein neuer, trichechoider Sirenenfund aus dem Obereozän von Üröm in Budapest.) Földt. Intézet, Évkön: 171-205. 1 tab. 21 figs. –Text in Hungarian (173-185) and German (186-203). According to L. Kordos (pers. commun.), this paper was typeset but, on account of the war, was never published, and exists in proofsheets only. Describes vertebrae, ribs, and a scapula from the Late Eocene of Hungary and compares them with other sirs.; the comparisons of the scapulae are particularly detailed. Concludes that the specimens from Üröm are probably referable to Sirenavus.

		Mou Sue, Luis L.; Chen, David H.; Bonde, Robert K.; O'Shea, Thomas J. (detail)
		1990	Distribution and status of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Panama. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 6(3): 234-241. 1 tab. 1 fig. July 1990.

		Mountford, Charles P. (detail)
		1956	Records of the American-Australian scientific expedition to Arnhem Land. 1. Art, myth and symbolism. Melbourne, Melbourne Univ. Press: xxx + 513. 68 figs. 157 pls. 2 color pls.

		Mountford, Charles P. (detail)
		1964	The art of Arnhem Land. In: R. M. Berndt (ed.), Australian Aboriginal art. Sydney, Ure Smith: 20-32. –Dugong, 25.

		Moustafa, Y. Shawki (detail)
		1974	Critical observations on the occurrence of Fayum fossil vertebrates. Ann. Geol. Surv. Egypt 4: 41-78. 11 figs. –Discusses Fayum stratigraphy and depositional environments, and the occurrence of partly articulated skeletons of Eotheroides libyca [sic] (49, 50, 52, 60, 72).

x		Moutou, François (detail)
		2002	Monk seals in the Indian Ocean? Monachus Guardian 5(2): [50]-[51]. Nov. 2002. –Available at http://www.monachus-guardian.org/mguard10/1032scien.htm. Mentions dugongs as an alternative explanation of some supposed Indian Ocean sightings of pinnipeds (m50).

Moynihan, Ann C.: SEE Medway, Dodds et al., 1982. (detail)

Mozgovoy, A. A.: SEE Skrjabin et al., 1951. (detail)

		Muanke, P. B.; Niezrecki, C. (detail)
		2007	Manatee position estimation by passive acoustic localization. Jour. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 121(4): 2049-2059.

Mudaliyar, C.: SEE Rasanayagam & Mudaliyar, 1926. (detail)

Mueller, Jochen F.: SEE ALSO Muller, Jochen F.; Gaus et al., 2001. (detail)

x		Mühling, Peter (detail)
		1985	Zum ersten Mal: Drei Seekuhgeburten in einem Zoo. Erfolgreiche Haltung und Zucht von Rundschwanz-Seekühen (Trichechus manatus). Tiergarten Aktuell (Nuremberg) 1(1): 8-16. 2 tabs. 2 figs. Apr. 25, 1985. –Summarizes the history of keeping and breeding manatees in captivity in Europe and elsewhere from 1875 onward (9-10), and describes the birth and rearing of three male calves born to Guyanese manatees in Nuremberg, 1981-1984 (10-15).

x		Mühling, Peter (detail)
		1987	Bemerkungen zu Säugetier-Geburten des Jahres 1986: Zwillingsgeburt bei den Seekühen. Tiergarten Aktuell (Nuremberg) 3(1): 18-19. July 25, 1987. –Reports the birth of twins (a male and a female) to a captive Guyana manatee at Nuremberg on Apr. 27, 1986. The same issue contains a briefer notice of this birth (M. Kraus, 1987), and a copy of a two-page worksheet on seacows for the use of schoolchildren visiting the Nuremberg Zoo (pp. 16-17).

x		Muizon, Christian de (detail)
		1984	Les vertébrés fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Pérou). Deuxième partie: Les odontocètes (Cetacea, Mammalia) du Pliocène inférieur de Sud-Sacaco. Inst. Franç. d'Études Andines, Mém. No. 50: 1-183. 98 figs. 17 pls. –Notes the presence of Metaxytherium calvertense in Peru as evidence of a northwest Atlantic-southeast Pacific axis of faunal distribution, and discusses other evidence supporting Domning's postulated ecological barrier between the northeast and southeast Pacific (171).

x		Muizon, Christian de; De Vries, T. J. (detail)
		1985	Geology and paleontology of late Cenozoic marine deposits in the Sacaco area (Peru). Geol. Rundschau 74(3): 547-563. 1 tab. 4 figs. 2 pls. Dec. 1985. –Mentions sirs. from the Sacaco and Montera Formations, and faunal similarities to eastern North America (560).

x		Muizon, Christian de; Domning, Daryl Paul (detail)
		1985	The first records of fossil sirenians in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. (Paris) (4)7, Sect. C, no. 3: 189-213. 2 tabs. 14 figs. –French & Spanish summs. Reports skulls of Metaxytherium calvertense from the Early to Middle Miocene Montera Formation (190-206), and a rib of an undescribed dugongid from the Early Pliocene Pisco Formation (206-209), Peru. Compares these specimens with other sirs., and discusses (209-211) their biogeographic and phylogenetic implications. Also reports the recent entry of T. manatus into the Pacific via the Panama Canal, based on a personal communication from G. G. Montgomery (209).

		Muizon, Christian de; Guérin, Claude (detail)
		1996	Les mammifères marins. Chap. 8 in: C. Guérin & M. Patou-Mathis (eds.), Les grands mammifères Plio-Pléistocènes d'Europe. Paris, Masson (Collection Préhistoire): 231-242.

x		Mukerjee, Madhusree (detail)
		1998	Stalking the wild dugong: an undersea elephant remains elusive. Sci. Amer. 279(3): 20-21. 1 fig. Sept. 1998. –Brief and pessimistic pop. acc. of the status of dugongs in the Andaman Islands.

Mukhametov, L. M.: SEE ALSO Galantsev & Mukhametov, 1984; Sokolov & Mukhametov, 1982. (detail)

		Mukhametov, L. M.; Galantsev, V. P. (detail)
		1986	[Investigation of certain physiological features of the manatee.] In: V. E. Sokolov (ed.), Lamantin: morfologicheskie adaptatsii (q.v.). Moscow, "Nauka" (Akad. Nauk SSSR) (405 pp.): 377-384. –In Russian.

		Mukhametov, L. M.; Lyamin, O. I.; Chetyrbok, I. S.; Vassilyev, A. A.; Pezo Diaz, Roberto (detail)
		1992	Sleep in an Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis. Experientia (Basel) 48(4): 417-419. 2 figs.

		Mukhametov, L. M.; Lyamin, O. I.; Chetyrbok, I. S.; Vassilyev, A. A.; Pezo Diaz, Roberto (detail)
		1994	Sleep in an Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis. In: V. E. Sokolov (ed.), Mlekopitayushchie Peruanskoi Amazonii. [Mammals of Peruvian Amazonia.] Moscow, Nauka (301 pp.): 283-288. Illus.

Muku, Tatsunori: SEE Tabuchi et al., 1974. (detail)

Mulholland, Rosemarie: SEE Packard & Mulholland, 1983. (detail)

x		Müller, Arnold (detail)
		1983	Fauna und Palökologie des marinen Mitteloligozäns der Leipziger Tieflandsbucht (Böhlener Schichten). Altenburger Natw. Forsch. 2: 1-152. 3 tabs. 14 figs. 35 pls. –Engl. summ. Reports isolated bones and partial skeletons of Halitherium schinzi from the Leipzig Bight, Germany (71-72; pl. 27, figs. 1-6).

		Müller, Arnold (detail)
		2008	Obereozäne bis oligozäne marine Faunen Mitteldeutschlands - eine Übersicht. Mit einer lithostratigrafischen Neugliederung des Unteroligozäns im Südraum Leipzig. Zs. Deutsch. Ges. Geowiss. 159(1): 23-79. 1 tab. 19 figs. 10 pls. Mar. 2008. –Engl. summ. Halitherium schinzi, 36.

		Müller, Gerhard Friedrich (detail)
		1758	Nachrichten von Seereisen, und zur See gemachten Entdeckungen, die von Russland aus längst den Küsten des Eissmeeres und auf dem Ostlichen Weltmeere gegen Japon und Amerika geschen sind.... In: Müller's Sammlung Russicher Geschichte. St. Petersburg, Kayserl. Akad. Wiss. (9 vols., 1732-1764): Vol. 3 (Parts 1-3): 1-304. –Engl. transls.: Müller (1761); Fairbanks, Univ. Alaska Press, 1986. French transl.: Amsterdam, 2 vols., 1766. Danish transl.: Copenhagen, 1784. Account of Rhytina, based on Waxell's information, 251-259.

		Müller, Gerhard Friedrich (detail)
		1761	Voyages from Asia to America, for completing the discoveries of the north west coast of America. To which is prefixed, a summary of the voyages made by the Russians on the Frozen Sea, in search of a north east passage. Serving as an explanation of a map of the Russian discoveries, published by the Academy of Sciences at Petersburgh. Translated from the High Dutch of S. [i.e., G.] Muller, of the Royal Academy of Petersburgh.... By Thomas Jefferys... London, T. Jefferys: viii + xliii + 76. Frontisp. 3 maps. –Edited transl. of Müller (1758). Sea-cow, 60-62.

Muller, Jochen F.: SEE ALSO Mueller, Jochen F.; Haynes et al., 1999; McLachlan et al., 2001; Vetter et al., 2001. (detail)

		Muller, Jochen F.; Haynes, David; McLachlan, Michael S. (detail)
		1998	PCDD/Fs in the Great Barrier Reef environment of Australia. Organohalogen Compounds 39: 105-108. Illus.

		Müller, Otto (detail)
		1898	Untersuchungen über die Veränderungen, welche die Respirationsorgane der Säugetiere durch die Anpassung an das Leben im Wasser erlitten haben. Jena. Zs. Natw. 32: 95-230. Pls. 3-6.

x		Müller, Philipp Ludwig Statius (detail)
		1773	Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständiges Natursystem nach der zwölften lateinischen Ausgabe und nach Anleitung des holländischen Houttuynischen Werks mit einer ausführlichen Erklärung.... Erster Theil. Von den säugenden Thieren.... Nuremberg, Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe: [20] + 508 + [17]. Frontisp. 32 pls. –Allen 323. Gen. acc. of "Trichecus Manatus" (which here includes the dugong), based on earlier writers (174-176; pl. 29, after Clusius). Also lists vernacular names of manatees and dugongs in various languages.

x		Müller, Philipp Ludwig Statius (detail)
		1776	Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständigen Natursystems Supplements- und Register-Band über alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Mit einer ausführlichen Erklärung.... Nuremberg, Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe: 1-384. 3 pls. –A sketchy account of the dugong based on previous writers, which bestows a Linnaean name (Trichecus [sic] Dugon) on the species for the first time (21-22). A somewhat overgenerous geographic range is attributed to the animal, extending from the Cape of Good Hope and the Philippine Islands to the Strait of Magellan and the South Pole! For the probable source of the Cape of Good Hope "record", see D. Beeckman (1812).

x		Müllerried, Federico K. G. (detail)
		1932	Primer hallazgo de un sirénido fósil en la República Mexicana. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 3(1): 71-73. 2 figs. –Reports sir. rib fragments from Chiapas, Mexico, said to be Oligocene in age although they were associated with Eocene fossils.

		Mummery, John Howard (detail)
		1924	The microscopic & general anatomy of the teeth, human and comparative. Ed. 2. London, H. Milford (Oxford Medical Publs.): xvi + 618. Tabs. Figs. 41 pls.

Mundkur, Taej: SEE Frazier & Mundkur, 1991. (detail)

		Munroe, Kirk (detail)
		1892	Canoemates: a story of the Florida reef and Everglades. New York & London, Harper & Bros. Illus. –Children's book of fictional adventures in Florida, with a story of a manatee encounter in Chap. 36.

Muntz, W. R. A.: SEE Piggins et al., 1983. (detail)

Murai, Takefumi: SEE Inuzuka & Murai, 1980. (detail)

Muraishi, Yasushi: SEE Kimura et al., 1998. (detail)

Muramatsu, Takeshi: SEE Hasegawa et al., 1995. (detail)

Murdoch, W. P., Jr.: SEE Montgomery et al., 1982. (detail)

Murelaga, X.: SEE Astibia et al., 1999. (detail)

x		Murie, Adolph (detail)
		1935	Mammals from Guatemala and British Honduras. Misc. Publs. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 26: 1-30. July 15, 1935. –P. 30: {"Trichechus manatus Linnaeus / Manatee / On a key about one-half mile from Belize, I picked up a number of water-worn manatee bones. This key is said to have been formerly used for preparing manatees for market. The market master at Belize informed me that, although at one time they were often brought to market, of late only one or two are received during a year. A few manatees are said to occur in the Belize River."}

x		Murie, James (detail)
		1872a	On the form and structure of the manatee (Manatus americanus). Trans. Zool. Soc. London 8(3): 127-202. Pls. 17-26. Sept. 1872 (read Nov. 15, 1870). –Notice: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1870(3): 747-748, Apr. 1871. The outstanding nineteenth-century work on sirenian gross anatomy, still valuable for the detail of the illustrations as well as the anatomical descriptions. The colored plates are reproduced in black and white in Ronald et al. (1978). Describes in detail the external and internal anatomy of a female T. m. manatus from Puerto Rico and a male from Suriname (127-189). Discusses the relationships of sirs., concluding that they lie somewhere between cetaceans and proboscideans (189-191). Finally, describes the provenance of his two specimens and the efforts made to bring them alive to England, concluding with recommendations for care of captive animals to be followed in future attempts of this nature (191-193). James Murie (1832-1925) was a controversial and irascible character who worked under Sir Richard Owen as Prosector of the Zoological Society of London, 1865-1870. Later he served as Librarian and Principal Executive Officer of the Linnean Society of London, and in retirement he worked on fisheries biology. See articles on him in The Linnean 13(3): 23-24, Oct. 1997, and 17(1): 21-23, Jan. 2001.

		Murie, James (detail)
		1872b	On the skin &c. of the Rhytina, suggested by a recent paper of Dr. A. Brandt's. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)9(52): 306-313. Pl. 19. Apr. 1872. –Discusses A. Brandt (1871a).

		Murie, James (detail)
		1874	[Title?] Proc. Geol. Soc. London, Nov. 18, 1874.

		Murie, James (detail)
		1879	Cause of death of the manatee at Westminster Aquarium. Field 53(1373): 442. Apr. 19, 1879. –Repr. in Murie (1880: 23-24).

x		Murie, James (detail)
		1880	Further observations on the manatee. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 11(2): 19-48. Pls. 5-9. Aug. 1880 (read June 17, 1879). –Notice: Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1879(3): 552, Oct. 1879. A sequel to Murie (1872a), giving additional anatomical details based on the dissection of another manatee, which had recently died in the Westminster Aquarium. Reviews recent literature on manatees (19-21); describes the captive history, behavior, and death of the female T. m. manatus brought to London from British Guiana (21-26), its external anatomy and measurements (27-32), including structure and movements of the lips; gives addenda on myology (32-35) and the nervous system (35-44), emphasizing the cervical nerves and brain. The plates include drawings from life of the animal in different postures (pls. 5-7), details of muscles and nerves (pl. 8), and views of the brain and cranial arteries (pl. 9). The above-cited notice in Proc. Zool. Soc. (for June 17, 1879) is immediately followed by this related notice on p. 552: {"Mr. F. D. Godman exhibited and made remarks on a drawing of the Manatee by Mr. Wolf, taken from the specimen lately living in the Westminster Aquarium."}

		Murie, James (detail)
		1896	Sirenia. In: P.M. Duncan (ed.), Cassell's Natural History. Vol. II. London, Paris, & Melbourne, Cassell & Co. Ltd. (6 vols. in 3) (Vol. II: x + 360). –Said to contain material on sir. stomachs not published elsewhere.

x		Murie, Olaus Johan (detail)
		1937	Notes on the mammals of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. In: O. W. Geist & F. G. Rainey (eds.), Archaeological excavations at Kukulik, St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Univ. Alaska Misc. Publ. No. 2, Appendix 3: 335-346. 3 figs. –P. 345: {"Family TRICHECHIDAE, Manatees / Rhytina gigas, Steller's Sea cow. / Mr. [Otto William] Geist reports that the Eskimo "talk about a 'real walrus' obtained in olden days, without tusks." This would indicate the Steller's sea cow and is most interesting information. However, no bones have been obtained as yet. This Eskimo tradition may, of course, have come originally from some other locality, yet it deserves special attention in future work on the island."}

		Murie, Olaus Johan (detail)
		1959	Fauna of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula. North American Fauna (U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv.) No. 61: xiv + 364. –Steller's sea cow, 332-333.

Murphy, C. J.: SEE West et al., 1991. (detail)

Murphy, David: SEE Walsh et al., 1999. (detail)

		Murphy, Mary Jane T. (detail)
		1983	Manatee talk. Omni 5: 45. Sept. 1983.

Murphy, William J.: SEE O'Brien et al., 2001. (detail)

		Murray, Andrew (detail)
		1866	The geographical distribution of mammals. London, Day & Son, Ltd.: xvi + 420. 2 pls. 101 maps.

x		Murray, R. M. (detail)
		1981	The importance of VFA in dugong nutrition. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.). [Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 166-168. –Discusses the production of volatile fatty acids in the dugong's intestine, and calculates that they could provide some 25% of the dugong's digestible energy intake.

x		Murray, R. M.; Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V. (detail)
		1977	The role of the midgut caecum and large intestine in the digestion of sea grasses by the dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia). Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 56A: 7-10. 2 tabs. –Reports on the analysis of gut contents for plant species, apparent digestibilities, and volatile fatty acids; the blood was analyzed for phosphorus and urea. Digestion was found to occur principally in the hindgut.

		Muschett, Giselle; Bonacic, Cristian; Vianna, Juliana A. (detail)
		2009	A noninvasive sampling method for genetic analysis of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 25(4): 955-963. 3 figs. Oct. 2009.

Musick, John A.: SEE Morgan et al., 2002. (detail)

Mustafa, Muslimin: SEE Whitten et al., 1987. (detail)

x		Myers, H. M.; Myers, P. V. N. (detail)
		1871	Life and nature under the tropics. New York, D. Appleton & Co.: xvi + 358. –Brief account of the Orinoco manatee, its uses by the natives (102), and their methods of hunting it (103).

Myrick, Albert C., Jr.: SEE ALSO Domning & Myrick, 1980. (detail)

		Myrick, Albert C., Jr. (detail)
		1984	Time significance of layering in some mammalian hard tissues and its application in population studies. Acta Zool. Fennica No. 171: 217-220.

		Myroniuk, P. (detail)
		1988	A survey of mammals on Hinchinbrook Island, north Queensland. Austral. Zool. 25(1): 6-10. Illus.

Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.

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